Yoshio Osawa, Ph.D.

Principal Research Scientist Emeritus, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc., Buffalo, New York

PUBLICATIONS

1. Fujii, M., Koga, N., Osawa, Y., and Chuman, I., Synthesis of trans-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 81, 1782 (1970); Chem. Abst. 56, 2322h (1962).

2. Osawa, Y., Synthesis and Estrogenic Activity of p-Methoxybenzenesulfon-p-anisidide and Its N-Derivatives, Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 84, 134 (1963); Chem. Abst., 59, 13863c (1963).

3. Osawa, Y., Synthesis and Estrogenic Activity of 4,4'-Disubstituted Benzenesulfonanilides, Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 84, 137 (1963); Chem. Abst., 59, 13863a (1963).

4. Osawa, Y., Synthesis and Estrogenic Activity of 4,4'-Dimethoxy- and 4,4'-Dimethylthio-biphenyl and Their Homologs, Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 84, 140 (1963); Chem. Abst., 59, 13860f (1963).

5. Osawa, Y., Synthesis and Estrogenic Activity of 4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl and its Homologs, Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 84, 143 (1963); Chem. Abst., 59, 13856e (1963).

6. Neeman, M., and Osawa, Y., Oxofluorination - Bident Reaction of Perchloryl Fluoride, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85, 232 (1963).

7. Osawa, Y., and Neeman, M., Long-Range Spin-Spin Coupling of Protons in Isomeric 6,7-Dichloroestrone Methyl Ethers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85, 2856 (1963).

8. Neeman, M., and Osawa, Y., Syntheses of 4-Fluoroestradiol and 7a-Fluoroestradiol, Tetrahedron Letters, 28, 1987 (l963).

9. Kurosawa, Y., Shimojima, H., and Osawa, Y., Resolution of Des-A-Steroid Analogues by Enzymes, Steroids, Suppl. 1, 185 (1965).

10. Osawa, Y., and Neeman, M., Reaction of Perchloryl Fluoride with Testosterone Enol Diacetate, J. Org. Chem., 32, 3055 (1967).

11. Osawa, Y., and Slaunwhite, Jr., W.R., Studies on Phenolic Steroids in Human Subjects. XIII. A Rapid Assay of Urinary Estrogen Conjugates in Pregnancy, Steroids, 15, 73-88 (1970).

12. Kimeichi, Y., Osawa, Y., Duax, W.L., and Cooper, A., Steroid Nitrogen Compounds. I. Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Methyl 3a,7a-Diacetoxy-11a-chloro-12a-nitro-5b-cholanoate, Steroids, 15, 619-634 (1970).

13. Osawa, Y., and Spaeth, D.G., Estrogen Biosynthesis. Stereospecific Distribution of Tritium in Testosterone-1a,2a-t2, Biochemistry, 10, 66-71 (1971).

14. Duax, W.L., Osawa, Y., Cooper, A., and Norton, D.A., The Crystal Structure and Molecular Conformation of 2,2,6b-Trichlorotestosterone Acetate, Tetrahedron, 27, 331-335 (1971).

15. Duax, W.L., Eger, C., Pokrywiecki, S., and Osawa, Y., Crystalline Molecular Structures of Two Derivatives of 2b-Hydroxytestosterone Having an Unusual A-Ring Conformation, J. Med. Chem., 14, 295-300 (1971).

16. Chu, T.M., Osawa, Y., and Reynoso, G., Simple Assay for Urinary Estrogens in Nonpregnancy, Clin. Chem., 17, 438-439 (1971).

17. Osawa, Y., and Gardner, J.O., Synthesis and Conformation of 2b-Hydroxytestosterone, J. Org. Chem., 36, 3246-3247 (1971).

18. Cody, V., Duax, W.L., Yasuda, K., Osawa, Y., and Norton, D.A., Steroid Conformations in Solid and Solution: The Crystal Structure of 2b-Methyl-19-nortestosterone p-Bromobenzenesulfonate, Tetrahedron, 28, 5683-5688 (1972).

19. Neeman, M., Osawa, Y., and Mukai, T., Regiospecific Synthesis of Modified Steroid Hormones, Part II. 4-Fluoro-17b-oestradiol and -oestrone, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 2297-2300 (1972).

20. Dobashi, K., Osawa, Y., Namba, S., and Yagishita, K., Purification, Chemical Structure and Antitumor Activity of Octadecenoic Acid from Calf Thymus, Oil Chem. (YUKAGAKU), 21, 846-851 (1972).

21. Nagatomi, K., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Studies on Phenolic Steroids in Human Subjects. XVII. The Kidney and Fate of 15a-Hydroxyestrogens, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 37, 887 (1973).

22. Osawa, Y., Mechanism of Aromatization, Endocrinology Proceedings of 4th International Congress of Endocrinology, Washington, D.C., 1972, R.O. Scow (Ed.), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, International Congress Series No. 273, 814-819 (1973).

23. Neeman, M., Osawa, Y., and Mukai, T., Regiospecific Synthesis of Modified Steroid Hormones. Part V. 6b-Fluoro-7a-hydroxy-17b-oestradiol, 7a-Fluoro-6a-hydroxy-17b-oestradiol, and 7a-Fluoro-17b-oestradiol, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1462-1464 (1973).

24. Kundu, N., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis of 3H- and 14C-Labelled Doisynolic and Marrianolic Acids, and Stability of Tritium Label, J. Labelled Compounds, 10, 31-37 (1974).

25. Bellino, F.L., and Osawa, Y., Evidence of the Direct Aromatization of Testosterone and Different Aromatization Sites for Testosterone and Androstenedione in Human Placental Microsomes, Biochemistry, 13, 1925-1931 (1974).

26. Spaeth, D.G., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Biosynthesis. III. Stereospecificity of Aromatization by Normal and Diseased Human Ovaries, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 38, 783-786 (1974).

27. Duax, W.L., Brennan, T.F., Weeks, C.M., and Osawa, Y., 16a-Bromo-3b-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one Methanol (1:1), C19H27BrO2oCH3OH, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 4, 249-252 (1975).

28. Weeks, C.M., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., 17b-Chloroacetoxy-2b-acetoxy-4-androsten-3-one, C23H31ClO5, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 4, 97-100 (1975).

29. Weeks, C.M., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., 2a-Hydroxytestosterone Diacetate, Acta Cryst., B31, 1502-1504 (1975).

30. Shibata, K., Osawa, Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Preparation of 3H- and 14C-Labelled Contraceptive Steroids, J. Labelled Compounds, 11, 333-339 (1975).

31. Duax, W.L., Weeks, C.M., Rohrer, D.C., Osawa, Y., and Wolff, M.E., Conformational Studies of Steroids: Correlations with Biological Data, J. Steroid Biochem., 6, 195-200 (1975).

32. Osawa, Y., Shibata, K., Rohrer, D., Weeks, C., and Duax, W.L., Reassignment of the Absolute Configuration of 19-Substituted 19-Hydroxysteroids and Stereomechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97, 4400-4402 (1975).

33. Weeks, C.M., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., 3-Ethylenedioxy-5-androstene-17b,19-diol 17-Benzoate, C28H36O5, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 4, 417-420 (1975).

34. Ishihara, M., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Metabolic Fate of Ethynodiol Diacetate, in the Baboon, Steroids, 25, 829-847 (1975).

35. Weeks, C.M., Rohrer, D.C., Duax, W.L., Osawa, Y., and Soriano, M., 3b-Hydroxy-17-oxo-5-androsten-19-al. A Steroid Pertinent to Estrogen Biosynthesis, Acta Cryst., B31, 2525-2527 (1975).

36. Ishihara, M., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Progesterone Metabolism in the Baboon, J. Steroid Biochem., 1213-1218 (1975).

37. Oki, M., Nakanishi, W., Fukunaga, M., Smith, G.D., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., Direction of Ring-Opening of a Thiiranium Ion, Chem. Letters, Japan, 1277-1280 (1975).

38. Ariyoshi, Y., and Osawa, Y., Improved Assay for Urinary 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids, Clin. Chem., 22, 232-234 (1976).

39. Hazel, J.P., Weeks, C.M., and Osawa, Y., 16a,17a-Epoxypregnenolone Monohydrate, C21H30O3oH2O, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 5, 103-106 (1976).

40. Rohrer, D.C., Weeks, C.M., Osawa, Y., and Duax, W.L., The Conformational Influence of a 19-Methyl Substituent in 19-Oxygenated Steroid Structures, J. Med. Chem., 19, 410-414 (1976).

41. Honjo, H., Ishihara, M., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., The Metabolic Fate of Chloromadinone Acetate in the Baboon, Steroids, 27, 79-98 (1976).

42. Strong, P.D., Hazel, J.P., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., 6b-Bromo-3-androstene-3,17-dione, C19H25O2Br, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 5, 275-278 (1976).

43. Yamamoto, Y., Ishihara, M., Kirdani, R.Y., Osawa, Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Studies on Phenolic Steroids in Human Subjects. XIX. Renal Conjugation of 15a-Hydroxyestradiol-3-sulfate, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 43, 144 (1976).

44. Rohrer, D.C., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., [19S]-19-Methyl-5-androstene-3b,17b,19-trioloDihydrate. A Steroid Pertinent to the Mechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Acta Cryst., B32, 2410-2413 (1976).

45. Honjo, H., Ishihara, M., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., In Vivo and In Vitro Conjugation and Metabolism of Estrogens by the Baboon Kidney, Endocrinology, 99, 1054-1063 (1976).

46. Bellino, F.L., Gilani, S.S.H., Eng, S., Osawa, Y., and Duax, W.L., Active-Site Directed Inactivation of Aromatase from Human Placental Microsomes by Brominated Androgen Derivatives, Biochemistry, 15, 4730-4736 (1976).

47. Duax, W.L., Griffin, J.F., and Osawa, Y., 17b-Benzoyloxy-3-oxo-4-androsten-19-al, C26H30O4, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 5, 577-580 (1976).

48. Osawa, Y., Makino, T., Shibata, K., Weeks, C.M., and Duax, W.L., Steroid Conformations in Solid and Solution: Stereoselective Synthesis of (20S)- and (20R)-]20-methyl-labelled[-20-methylpregn-5-ene-3b,17a,20-triol, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 991-993 (1976).

49. Weeks, C.M., Strong, P., and Osawa, Y., 16b-Methylprogesterone, C22H32O2, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 5, 745-748 (1976).

50. Osawa, Y., Makino, T., and Weeks, C.M., Structure Reassignment of a Steroid Refuting the Isolation of Rotational Isomers Around the C(17)-C(20) Bond. X-Ray Crystal and Molecular Structure of 3b-Acetoxy-17aa-(2-acetoxyethoxy)-17a,17ab-dimethyl-D-homoandrost-5-en-17b-ol, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 990-991 (1976).

51. Weeks, C.M., Strong, P., and Osawa, Y., 19-Hydroxytestosterone 17-Benzoate, C26H32O4, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 5, 915-918 (1976).

52. Ishihara, M., Kirdani, R.Y., Osawa, Y., and Sandberg, A.A., The Metabolic Fate of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in the Baboon, J. Steroid Biochem., 7, 65-70 (1976).

53. Honjo, H., Barua, N.R., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Studies on Phenolic Steroids in Human Subjects. XX. In Vivo Conjugation and Metabolism of Estradiol-17b in the Human Kidney, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 43, 1294-1300 (1976).

54. Weeks, C.M., Kruger, G.J., Duax, W.L., Makino, T., and Osawa, Y., A Steroid Structure Which Refutes the Isolation of C(17)-C(20) Rotational Isomers, Steroids, 42, 26l-270 (1977).

55. Bellino, F., and Osawa, Y., Localization of Estrogen Synthetase in the Chorionic Villus Fraction after Homogenization of Human Term Placenta, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 44, 699-707 (1977).

56. Griffin, J.F., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., 5-Androsten-3b,17b,19-triol 17p-Bromobenzoate, C26H33O9Br, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 6, 291-294 (1977).

57. Hazel, J.P., Strong, P.D., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., 6a-Bromo-4-androstene-3,17-dione, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 6, 507-510 (1977).

58. Makino, T., Shibata, K., Rohrer, D.C., and Osawa, Y., Steroid Conformations in Solid and Solution: Stereoselectivity of Grignard Addition to 20-Ketosteroids, J. Org. Chem., 43, 276-280 (l978).

59. Bellino, F.L., and Osawa, Y., Solubilization of Estrogen Synthetase from Human Term Placental Microsomes Using Detergents, J. Steroid Biochem., 9, 219-228 (1978).

60. Yamamoto, Y., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Testosterone Metabolism in Dog Bile, Steroids, 31, 233-247 (1978).

61. Yamamoto, Y., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Androgen Metabolism in the Dog. J. Steroid Biochem., 9, 743-750 (1978).

62. Yamamoto, Y., Manyon, A.T., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A. Androgen Metabolism in the Baboon: A Comparison with Human, J. Steroid Biochem., 9, 751-759 (1978).

63. Bellino, F.L., Hussa, R.O., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Synthetase in Choriocarcinoma Cell Culture. Stimulation by Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate and Theophylline, Steroids, 32, 37-44 (1978).

64. Cody, V., Hazel, J., and Osawa, Y., 3,5,3'-Triiodo-4'-methoxythyropropionic Acid Methyl Ester, Acta Cryst., B34, 3407-3409 (1978).

65. Yamamoto, Y., Peric-Golia, L., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Androgen Metabolism in Sheep, Steroids, 32, 373-388 (1978).

66. Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Improved Synthesis of 16a-Hydroxylated Androgens: Intermediates of Estriol Formation in Pregnancy, Steroids, 32, 519-527 (1978).

67. Duax, W.L., Langs, D., Strong, P., and Osawa, Y., 3b-Hydroxy-16-methyl-5,16-pregnadien-20-one, C22H32O2, Cryst., 8, 565-568 (1979).

68. Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis and Some Reactions of 6-Bromoandrogens: Potential Affinity Ligand and Inactivator of Estrogen Synthetase, Steroids, 34, 347-360 (1979).

69. Okumura, J., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Metabolism of Androgens by the Baboon Kidney, J. Steroid Biochem., 11, 1435-1441 (1979).

70. Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., 20-Methyl-5-pregnene-3b,20-diol Methanol, C22H36O2oCH3OH, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 9, 267-270 (1980).

71. Spaulding, S.W., Masuda, T., and Osawa, Y., Increased 17b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in a Masculinizing Adrenal Adenoma in a Patient with Isolated Testosterone Overproduction, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 50, 537-540 (1980).

72. Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., Steroid Structure and Function VI. The Molecular Conformation of 19-Hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, as an Intermediate for Estrogen Synthetase, J. Steroid Biochem., 13, 383-386 (1980).

73. Bellino, F.L., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Synthetase. Effect of Sulfhydryl Reactive Reagents on Androgen Aromatization by Human Term Placental Microsomes, J. Steroid Biochem., 13, 339-344 (1980).

74. Swenson, D.C., Duax, W.L., Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., 3b-Hydroxy-16b-morpholino-5-androstene-17-one, Acta Cryst., B36, 1981-1983 (1980).

75. Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Controlled Stereoselective Alkaline Hydrolysis of 16-Bromo-17-ketosteroids without Ketol Rearrangement and Its Reaction Mechanism, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102, 5402-5404 (1980).

76. Numazawa, M., Nagaoka, M., Tsuji, M., and Osawa, Y., Efficient Synthesis of Estriol 16-Glucuronide via 2,4,16a-Tribromoestrone, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 383-384 (1981).

77. Van Roey, P., Smith, G.D., and Osawa, Y., 2-Chloro-1,1-dimethylethyl Phenyl Sulfone, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 10, 525-527 (1981).

78. Duax, W.L., Numazawa, M., Osawa, Y., Strong, P.D., and Weeks, C.M., Conformational Analysis of Steroids: Polymorphic Forms of 17b-Acetoxy-6b-bromo-4-androsten-3-one, J. Org. Chem., 46, 2650-2655 (1981).

79. Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis of 16a-Bromoacetoxy Androgens and 17b-Bromoacetylamino-4-androsten-3-one: Potential Affinity Labels of Human Placental Aromatase, Steroids, 38, 149-159 (1981).

80. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Nakamura, T., Species Specificity of Estrogen Biosynthesis in Pregnancy. Immunochemical Difference of Placental NADPH-Cytochrome c (P-450) Reductase in Human, Baboon and Horse, J. Steroid Biochem., 15, 449-452 (1981).

81. Osawa, Yoichi, Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Yoshio, Norethisterone, a Major Ingredient of the Contraceptive Pill, Is a Suicide Inhibitor of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Science, 215, 1249-1251 (1982).

82. Swenson, D.C., Duax, W.L., Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., 17b-Cyano-16a,17-epoxy-3b-acetoxy-5-androstene, C22H29O3N, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 11, 617-620 (1982).

83. Osawa, Y., Tochigi, B., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., Nakamura, T., and Yamamoto, T., Multiple Forms of Aromatase and Response of Breast Cancer Aromatase to Antiplacental Aromatase II Antibodies, Cancer Res. (Suppl.), 42, 3299s-3306s (1982).

84. Numazawa, M., Nagaoka, M., and Osawa, Y., Stereospecific Synthesis of 16a-Hydroxy-17-oxo Steroids by Controlled Alkaline Hydrolysis of Corresponding 16-Bromo 17-Ketones and Its Reaction Mechanism., J. Org. Chem., 47, 4024-4029 (1982).

85. Swenson, D.C., Duax, W.L., Osawa, Y., and Numazawa, M., 16b-Bromo-3b-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, C19H27O2Br, Cryst. Struct. Comm., 11, 701-706 (1982).

86. Numazawa, M., Nagaoka, M., Tsuji, M., and Osawa, Y., Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Estriol and its 16-Glucuronide via 2,4,16a-Tribromoestrone, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., I, 121-125 (l983).

87. Davis, P.J., and Osawa, Y., Binding of Thyroid Hormone by Heme Proteins May Signal Protein Age, J. of Theoretical Biology, 103, 133-136 (1983).

88. Osawa, Yoshio, Osawa, Yoichi, Yarborough, C., and Borzynski, L., Irreversible Inhibitors of Oestrogen Biosynthesis (Aromatase), Biochemical Soc. Transactions, 11, 656-659 (1983).

89. REPORT, Brownschiedle, C.M., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Aromatase Activity in the Human Placenta, in Trophoblast Research, Vol. 1, Richard K. Miller and Henry A. Thiede (Eds.), Plenum Medical Book Co., New York Pg. 301 (1983).

90. Santner, S.J., Rosen, H., Osawa, Y., and Santen, R.J., Additive Effects of Aminoglutethimide, Testololactone, and 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione as Inhibitors of Aromatase, J. Steroid Biochem., 20, 1239-1242 (1984).

91. Matsuda, H., Fujita, H., Ishimura, K., and Osawa, Y., Immunocytochemical Localization of Aromatase in Ovaries of Some Rodents, Cow and Human, Acta Histochem. Cytochem., 17, 311-322 (1984).

92. Yamamoto, T., Yamaki, J., Takamori, K., Yoshiji, S., Fujii, M., Kitawaki, J., Shiroshita, K., Okada, H., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Stereospecific Disposition of Tritium in the Aromatization of 1a,2a-3H-4-14C-Androstenedione by Human Fetal Liver, J. Kyoto Pref. Univ. Med., 94(2), 169-173 (1985).

93. Numazawa, M., Osada, R., Tsuji, M., and Osawa, Y., High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Aromatization of 16a-Hydroxylated Androgens with Human Placental Microsomes, Analytical Biochem., 146, 75-81 (1985).

94. Sekihara, H., Torii, R., Osawa, Y., and Takaku, F., Angiotensin II Induces the Release of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione in Man, J. Clin. Endocrin., and Metabolism, 61, 291-296 (1985).

95. Kurosumi, M., Ishimura, K., Fujita, H., and Osawa, Y., Immunocytochemical Localization of Aromatase in the Rat Testis, Histochemistry, 83, 401-404 (1985).

96. Numazawa, M., Satoh, M., Satoh, S., Nagaoka, M., and Osawa, Y., Reaction of 16-Bromo-17-oxo Steroids with Potassium Cyanide, J. Organic Chem., 51,1360-1362 (1986).

97. Tochigi, B., Osawa, Yoichi, and Osawa, Yoshio, The Apparent Shift in Distribution of Aromatase Activity in the Subcellular Fraction of Human Term Placenta Stored at -96:C, Endocrine Research, 12, 105-113 (1986).

98. Ohnishi, S., and Osawa, Y., An Improved Method for Synthesis of 2-Acetoxysteroid-4-en-3-ones, J.C.S. Chem. Commun., 1089-1090 (1986).

99. Lawrence, W.D., Osawa, Y., Davis, P.J., and Blas, S.D., Structure-Activity Relationships of Sex Steroid Analogues Determined in vitro in a Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Membrane Ca2+-ATPase Model, Endocrinology, 119, 2803-2808 (1986).

100. Galdecki, Z., Grochulski, P., Wawrzak, Z., Duax, W.L., Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Structure of 2,4-Dibromo-10b,17b-dihydroxy-1,4-estradien-3-one, Acta Cryst., C43, 967-968 (1987).

101. Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Equilin and Equilenin Biosynthesis. Stereochemistry of Aromatization of 3-Hydroxy-3,5,7-androstatrien-17-one by Horse Placenta, J. of Steroid Biochemistry, 26, 137-143 (1987).

102. Numazawa, M., Tsuji, M., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Preparation of [1,2-3H,4-14C]16a-Hydroxyandrostenedione and Its Use for Radiometric Determination of Human Placental Aromatase Activity, Chem. Pharm. Bulletin, 35, 2448-2452 (1987).

103. Osawa, Yoichi, Osawa, Yoshio, and Coon, M.J., Stereochemistry of the Functional Group Determines the Mechanism of Aromatase Inhibition by 6-Bromoandrostenedione, Endocrinology, 121, 1010-1016 (1987).

104. Numazawa, M., Tsuji, M., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis and Evaluation of Bromoacetoxy 4-Androsten-3-ones as Active Site-Directed Inhibitors of Human Placental Aromatase, Steroids, 48, 347-359 (1986).

105. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Fronckowiak, M., Yoshida, N., and Yarborough, C., Aromatase, J. Steroid Biochem., 27, 781-789 (1987).

106. Bullion, K., and Osawa, Y., Inhibition of Human Placental Microsomal Aromatase by Thyroid Hormone and Iodothyronine Derivatives, Endocrine Research, 14, 21-33 (1988).

107. Numazawa, M., Mutsumi, A., Ogata, M., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis of 16a,19-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione and 3b,16a,19-trihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and Their 17b-Hydroxy-16-keto Isomers, Steroids, 49, 247-257 (1987).

108. Osawa, Y., Yoshida, N., Fronckowiak, M., and Kitawaki, J., Immunoaffinity Purification of Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 from Human Placental Micro-somes, Metabolic Switching from Aromatization to 1b- and 2b-Monohydroxylation, and Recognition of Aromatase Isozymes, Steroids, 50, 11-28 (1987).

109. Kosaki, T., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., A Study of Non-aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase in Sheep Adrenal, Folia Endocrinol., 64, 606-622 (1988).

110. Osawa, Y., Fronckowiak, M., Yoshida, N., and Higashiyama, T., Rebuttal to the 1a,2b-Hydrogen Elimination Mechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis by Reconstituted Aromatase, Steroids, 50, 649-650 (1987).

111. Kitawaki, J., Osawa, Y., and Callard, G.V., Aromatase Isozyme in Goldfish Brain and Stereochemistry of the Aromatization, Steroids, 50, 637-638 (1987).

112. Fronckowiak, M., and Osawa, Y., Metabolic Switching Patterns Provide Definitive Evidence of Substrate-Specificity and Delineate Subtle Differences in Positioning at the Aromatase Active Site, Steroids, 50, 619-620 (1987).

113. Sekihara, H., Yonemitsu, K., Takaku, F., and Osawa, Y., Enhancement of the Hypertensinogenic Action of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione by Aromatase Inhibitor, 19-Norethisterone, Steroids, 50, 597-598 (1987).

114. Osawa, Y., Yoshida, N., Kitawaki, J., and Higashiyama, T., Immunoaffinity Purification of Human Placental Estrogen Synthesizing Enzymes by Use of Monoclonal Antibodies, In: Placental and Endometrial Proteins, (Y. Tomoda, S. Mizutani, O. Narita, and A. Klopper, Eds.), VNU Science Press, The Netherlands, pp. 353-356, (1988).

115. Kitawaki, J., Yoshida, N., and Osawa, Y., An Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantitation of Aromatase Cytochrome P-450, Endocrinology, 124, 1417-1423 (1989).

116. Ishimura, K., Yoshinaga-Hirabayashi, T., Tsuri, H., Fujita, H., and Osawa, Y., Further Immunocytochemical Study on the Localization of Aromatase in the Ovary of Rats and Mice, Histochemistry, 90, 413-416 (1989).

117. Shinoda, K., Shiotani, Y., and Osawa, Y., "Necklace Olfactory Glomeruli" Form Unique Components of the Rat Primary Olfactory System, J. of Comparative Neurology, 284, 362-373 (1989).

118. Yamamoto, T., Osawa, Y., Yarborough, C., Kitawaki, J., Urabe, M., Sasaki, J., Fukuoka, M., Tamura, N., Inoue, S., Ogino, Y., Naitoh, K., Honjo, H., Yasumura, T., and Okada, H., Relation Between Estrogen Biosynthesis and Steroid Receptors in Human Breast Cancer, J. Kyoto Pref. Univ. Med., 98(7), 763-769 (1989).

119. Shimizu, Y., Kosaki, T., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., Non-Aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase in Human Fetal Organs, Folia Endocrinol., 65, 653-662 (1989).

120. Ohigashi, S., Kosaki, T., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., Ohnishi, S., and Osawa, Y., The Newly Developed Method of 19-OH-A as Intermediate of Estrone Biosynthesis by GC-MS, Folia Endocrinol., 65, 750-761 (1989).

121. Ohnishi, S., Kosaki, T., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis of 19-Hydroxy-[7-2H2]-androstenedione for Human Metabolism Studies, Steroids, 55, 5-9 (1990).

122. Zhong, C., Ishimura, K., Yoshinaga-Hirabayashi, T., Fujita, H., Kitawaki, J., and Osawa, Y., Immunocytochemical Study on the Localization of Aromatase in the Ovary of Golden Hamster, Guinea Pig and Cow, Acta Histochem. Cytochem, 22, 501-507 (1989).

123. Shinoda, K., Yagi, H., Fujita, H., Osawa, Y., and Shiotani, Y., Screening of Aromatase-Containing Neurons in Rat Forebrain: An Immunohistochemical Study with Antibody against Human Placental Antigen X-P2(hPAX-P2), J. of Comparative Neur., 290, 502-515 (1989).

124. Huang, J.R., Bellino, F.L., Osawa, Y., and Tseng, L., Immunologic Identification of the Aromatase Enzyme System in Human Endometrium, J. Steroid Biochemistry, 33, 1043-1047 (1989).

125. Bullion, K.A., Osawa, Y., and Braun, D.G., Reversible Inhibition of Human Placental Microsomal Aromatase by CGS 18320B and Other Non-Steroidal Compounds, Endocrine Research, 16(2), 255-267 (1990).

126. Osawa, Y., Ohnishi, S., Yarborough, C., Ohigashi, S., Kosaki, T., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., and Nakayama, T., Serum Level of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione During Pregnancy and at Delivery Determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Steroids, 55, 165-169 (1990).

127. Yoshinaga-Hirabayashi, T., Ishimura, K., Fujita, H., Kitawaki, J., and Osawa, Y., Immunocytochemical Localization of Aromatase in Immature Rat Ovaries Treated with PMSG and hCG, and in Pregnant Rat Ovaries, Histochemistry, 93, 223-228 (1990).

128. Shinoda, K., Yagi, H., Osawa, Y., and Shiotani, Y., Involvement of Specific Placental Antigen x-P2 in Rat Olfaction: An Immunohistochemical Study in the Olfactory Bulb, J. of Comparative Neur., 294, 340-344 (1990).

129. Osawa, Y., Tochigi, B., Tochigi, M., Ohnishi, S., Watanabe, Y., Bullion, K., Osawa, G., Nakabayashi, Y., and Yarborough, C., Aromatase Inhibitors in Cigarette Smoke, Tobacco Leaves and Other Plants, J. Enzyme Inhibition, 4, 187-200 (1990).

130 Miyashita, H., Shimizu, Y., Hasino, M., Chiba, H., Kosaki, T., Saito, H., Yanaihara, T., and Osawa, Y., A Study of Non-Aromatizing Androgen C10-19lyase in Adrenal Tissue, Folia Endocrinol., 66, 1117-1125 (1990).

131. Yoshida, N. and Osawa, Y., Purification of Human Placental Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 with Monoclonal Antibody and Its Characterization, Biochemistry, 30, 3003-3010 (1991). 132. Van Roey, P., Bullion, K.A., Osawa, Y., and Braun, D.G., Structure of d,l-Aminoglutethimide, Acta Cryst., C47, 829-832 (1991).

133. Osawa, Y., Ohnishi, S., Watanabe, Y., Bullion, K., Osawa, G., and Yarborough, C., Aromatase Inhibitors and the Active Site Structure of the Enzyme, Proceedings of Kyoto International Anti-Hormone Seminar, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 19-26 (1991).

134. Van Roey, P., Bullion, K.A., Osawa, Y., Bowman, R.M., and Braun, D.G., The Crystal Structure of cis-1-[(4-[(1-imidazoyl)methyl]imidazole Succinic Acid Complex, Acta Cryst., C47, 1015-1018 (1991).

135. Van Roey, P., Bullion, K.A., Osawa, Y., Browne, L.J., Bowman, R.M., and Braun, D.G., Structure-Activity Studies of Non-Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors: The Crystal and Molecular Structures of CGS 16949A and CGS 18320B, J. Enzyme Inhibition, 5, 119-132 (1991).

136. Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., and Bahr, J.M., Multiple Steroidogenic Cell Populations in the Thecal Layer of Preovulatory Follicles of the Chicken Ovary, Endocrinology, 129, 2033-2040 (1991).

137. Bullion, K., Ohnishi, S., and Osawa, Y., Competitive Inhibition of Human Placental Aromatase by N-n-Octanoylnornicotine and Other Nornicotine Derivatives, Endocrine Res., 17, 409-419 (1991).

138. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Shimizu, K., and Yoshida, N., Isolation of an Xenobiotic Metabolizing Cytochrome P-450 (P-45050K) with No Aromatase Activity from Placental Microsomes of Both Cigarette Smoking and Non-smoking Mothers, In: Placenta: Basic Research for Clinical Application, International Conference on Placenta, Tokyo, Japan, 1990, (H. Soma, Ed.), Karger Press, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 105-114 (1991).

139. Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., and Bahr, J.M., Immunolocalization of Steroidogenic Cells in Small Follicles of the Chicken Ovary: Anatomical Arrangement and Location of Steroidogenic Cells Change During Follicular Development, Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 8, 587-594 (1991).

140. Tsuri, H., Yoshinaga-Hirabayashi, T., Ishimura, K., Osawa, Y., Kominami, S., Takemori, S., and Fujita, H., Immunohistochemical Studies on the Localization of Aromatase and 17a-Hydroxylase/C17-20Lyase (17a-Lyase) in Estrous Cycling and Pregnant Hamster Ovaries, Arch. Histol. Cytol., 55, 13-20 (1992).

141. Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., and Bahr, J.M., Two Populations of Steroidogenic Cells in the Theca Layer of Chicken Ovarian Follicles, in: Signaling Mechanisms and Gene Expression in the Ovary, Serono Symposium, 207-213 (1991).

142. Kitawaki, J., Inoue, S., Tamura, T., Yamamoto, T., Noguchim T., Osawa, Y., and Okada, H., Increasing Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 Level in Human Placenta During Pregnancy: Studied by Immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Endocrinology, 130, 2751-2757 (1992).

143. Shinoda, K., Mori, S., Ohtsuki, T., and Osawa, Y., An Aromatase-Associated Cytoplasmic Inclusion, the "Stigmoid Body", in the Rat Brain: I. Distribution in the Forebrain, The J. of Comparative Neurology, 322, 360-376 (1992).

144. Numazawa, M., Satoh, S., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis of Deuterium-Labeled 16a,19-Dihydroxy C19 Steroids as Internal Standards for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 2759-2763 (1992).

145. Kadohama, N., Yarborough, C., Zhou, D., Chen, S., and Osawa, Y., Kinetic Properties of Aromatase Mutants Pro308Phe, Asp309Asn, and Asp309Ala and their Interactions with Aromatase Inhibitors, J. Steroid Biochem. & Molecular Bio., 43, 693-701 (1992).

146. Tamura, T., Kitawaki, J., Yamamoto, T., Osawa, Y., Kominami, S., Takemorei, S., and Okada, H., Immunohistochemical Localization of 17a-hydroxylase/C17-20 Lyase and Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 in the Human Ovary During the Menstrual Cycle, J. Endocrinology, 135, 589-595 (1992).

147. Nitta, H., Bunick, D., Hess, R.A., Janulis, L., Newton, S.C., Millette, C.F., Osawa, Y., Shizuta, Y., Toda, K., and Bahr, J.M., Germ Cells of the Mouse Testis Express P450 Aromatase, Endocrinology, 132, 1396-1401 (1993).

148. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Shimizu, Y., and Yarborough, C., Multiple Functions of Aromatase and the Active Site Structure: Aromatase is the Placental Estrogen 2-Hydroxylase, J. Steroid Biochem & Molecular Biol., 44, 469-480 (1993).

149. Chen, S., Zhou, D., Swiderek, K.M. Kadohama, N., Osawa, Y., and Hall, P.F., Structure-Function Studies of Aromatase, J. Steroid Biochem & Molecular Biol., 44, 347-356 (1993).

150. Shimizu, Y., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Competitive Product Inhibition of Aromatase by Natural Estrogens, Steroid Biochem. & Molecular Biol., 44, 651-656 (1993).

151. Kadohama, N., Zhou, D., Chen, S., and Osawa, Y., Catalytic Efficiency of Expressed Aromatase Following Site-Directed Mutagenesis, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1163, 195-200 (1993).

152. Kitawaki, J., Inoue, S., Tamura, T., Yamamoto, T., Higashiyama, T., Osawa, Y., and Okada, H., Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy Lowers Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 in the Human Placenta, J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol., 45, 485-491 (1993).

153. Shinoda, K., Nagano, M., and Osawa, Y., An Aromatase-Associated Cytoplasmic Inclusion, the "Stigmoid Body", in the Rat Brain: II. Ultrastructure (with a review of its history and nomenclature), J. Comparative Neurology, 329, 1-19 (1993).

154. Kadohama, N., Shintani, K., and Osawa, Y., Tobacco Alkaloid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Breast Cancer Aromatase, Cancer Letters, 75, 175-182 (1993).

155. Tsubota, T., Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., Kita, I., Tiba, T., and Bahr, J.M., Immunolocalization of Steroidogenic Enzymes, P450scc, 3b-HSD, P450c17 and P450arom in Hokkaido Brown Bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) Testis, General & Comparative Endo. 92, 439-444 (1993).

156. Tamura, T., Kitawaki, J., Yamamoto, T., Osawa, Y., Kominami, S., Takemori, S., and Okada, H., Immunohistochemical Localization of 17a-hydroxylase/C17-20 Lyase and Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 in Polycystic Human Ovaries, J. Endocrinology, 139, 503-509 (1993).

157. Yamamoto, T., Tamura, T., Kitawaki, J., Osawa, Y., and Okada, H., Suicide Inactivation of Aromatase in Human Placenta and Uterine Leiomyoma by 5a-Dihydronorethindrone, a Metabolite of Norethindrone, and Its Effect on Steroid-producing Enzymes, European J. of Endocrinology, 130, 634-640 (1994).

158. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Diverse Functions of Aromatase Cytochrome P450: Catecholestrogen Synthesis, Cocaine N-demethylation, and Other Selective Drug Metabolisms, Proceedings of 8th Intl. Conf. on Cytochrome P450 (1993), Lisbon, Portugal, Lechner, M.C. (Ed.), John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, pp. 893-896 (1994).

159. Shinoda, K., Nagano, M., and Osawa, Y., Neuronal Aromatase Expression in Preoptic, Strial and Amygdaloid Regions During Late Prenatal and Early Postnatal Development in the Rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 343, 113-129 (1994).

160. Tsubota, T., Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., Kita, I., Tiba, T., and Bahr, J.M., Immunolocalization of Steroidogenic Enzymes, P450scc, 3b-HSD, P450c17 and P450arom in the Corpus Luteum of the Hokkaido Brown Bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) in Relation to Delayed Implantation, J. of Reproduction & Fertility, 101, 557-561 (1994).

161. Eisenhauer, K.M., McCue, P.M., Nayden, D.K., Osawa, Y., and Roser, J.F., Localization of Aromatase in Equine Leydig Cells, Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 11(3), 291-298 (1994).

162. Tsuruo, Y., Ishimura, K., Fujita, H., and Osawa, Y., Immunocytochemical Localization of Aromatase-containing Neurons in the Rat Brain During Pre- and Postnatal Development, Cell and Tissue Research, 278, 29-39 (1994).

163. Yoshinaga-Hirabayashi, T. and Osawa, Y., Steroidogenic Activity of Atretic follicles in the Cycling Hamster Ovary and Relation to Ultrastructural Observations, Histochemistry, 102, 59-67 (1994).

164. Shimizu, Y., Yarborough, C., Elger, W., Chwalisz, K., and Osawa, Y., Inhibition of Aromatase Activity in Human Placental Microsomes by 13-Retro-Antiprogestins, Steroids, 60, 234-238 (1995).

165. Tsuruo, Y., Ishimura, K., and Osawa, Y., Presence of Estrogen Receptors in Aromatase-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Mouse Brain, Neuroscience Letters, 195, 49-52 (1995).

166. Shinoda, K., Lei, H., Yoshii, H., Nomura, M., Nagano, M., Shiba, H., Sasaki, H., Osawa, Y., Ninomiya, Y., Niwa, O., Morohashi, K., and Li, E., Developmental Defects of the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus and Pituitary Gonadotroph in the Ftz-F1 Disrupted Mice, Developmental Dynamics, 204, 22-29 (1995).

167. Kwon, S., Hess, R.A., Bunick, D., Nitta, H., Janulis, L., Osawa, Y., and Bahr, J.M., Rooster Testicular Germ Cells and Epididymal Sperm Contain P450 Aromatase, Biology of Reproduction, 53, 1259-1264 (1995).

168. Yoshinaga-Hirabayashi, T. and Osawa, Y., Steroidogenic Activity and Ultrastructural Observation of Atretic Follicles in the Cycling Hamster Ovary, It. J. Anat. Embryol., 100, Suppl. n. 1, 485-493 (1995).

169. Washida, N., Kitawaki, J., Higashiyama, T., Matsui, S., and Osawa, Y., Preparation of an Activity-Inhibiting Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Placental Aromatase Cytochrome P450, Steroids, 61, 126-132 (1996).

170. Tsuruo, Y., Ishimura, K., Hayashi, S., and Osawa, Y., Immunohistochemical Localization of Estrogen Receptors Within Aromatase-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Fetal and Neonatal Rat Brain, Anatomy & Embryology, 193, 115-121 (1996).

171. Janulis, L., Hess, R.A., Bunick, D., Nitta, H., Janssen, S., Osawa, Y., and Bahr, J.M., Mouse Epididymal Sperm Contain Active P450 Aromatase Which Decreases as Sperm Traverse the Epididymis, J. Andrology, 17, 111-116 (1996).

172. Toma, Y., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Diverse Functions of Aromatase: O-Deethylation of 7-Ethoxycoumarin, Endocrinology, 137, 3791-3796 (1996).

173. Tsubota, T., Howell-Skalla, L., Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., Meiers, P.G., Nelson, R.A., and Bahr, J.M., Seasonal Changes in Spermatogenesis and Testicular Steroidogenesis in the Male Black Bear Ursus americanus, J. of Reproduction & Fertility, 109, 21-27 (1997).

174. Kitawaki, J., Noguchi, T., Amatsu, T., Maeda, K., Tsukamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Fushiki, S., Osawa, Y., and Honjo, H., Expression of Aromatase Cytochrome P450 Protein and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Tissue But Not in Normal Endometrium, Biology of Reproduction, 57, 514-519 (1997).

175. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Toma, Y., and Yarborough, C., Diverse Function of Aromatase and the N-Terminal Sequence Deleted Form, J. Steroid Biochem. & Molec. Biol., 61, 117-126 (1997).

176. Ng, P.C. and Osawa, Y., Preparation and Characterization of the Fab and F(ab')2 Fragments of an Aromatase Activity-Suppressing Monoclonal Antibody, Steroids, 62, 776-881 (1997).

177. Matsumoto, T., Osada, M., Osawa, Y., and Mori, K., Gonadal Estrogen Profile and Immunohistochemical Localization of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Oyster and Scallop During Sexual Maturation, Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology, 118B, 811-817 (1997).

178. Janulis, L., Bahr, J.M., Hess, R.A., Janssen, S., Osawa, Y., and Bunick, D., Rat Testicular Germ Cells and Epididymal Sperm Contain Active P450 Aromatase, J. Andrology, 19, 65-71 (1998).

179. Kao, Y.-C., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., Osawa, Y., and Chen, S., Functional Characterization of 102-Amino Acid-Deleted Form of Human Aromatase (D102-aromatase), Steroids, 64, 422-429 (1999).

180. Sawicki, M.W., Ng, P.C., Burkhart, B.M., Pletnev, V.Z., Higashiyama, T., Osawa, Y., and Ghosh, D., Structure of an Activity Suppressing Fab Fragment to Cytochrome P450 Aromatase: Insights Into the Antibody-antigen Interactions, Molecular Immunology, 36, 423-432 (1999).

181. Numazawa, M., Tachibana, M., Mutsumi, A., and Osawa, Y., Aromatization of 16a-Hydroxyandrostenedione with Human Placental Microsomes: Effect of Preincubation with a Suicide Substrate of Aromatase, J. Steroid Biochem. & Molecular Biology, submitted.

182. Yokosuka, M., Osawa, Y., and Hayashi, S., Further Examination of Anatomical Relationship of Estrogen Receptor and Aromatase-Immunoreactivity in the Newborn and Adult Rat Brain, J. Neuroendocrinology, in preparation.

Abstracts

1. Osawa, Y., and Ueno, K., Reaction of Dicyanodichlorobenzoquinone with Phenolic Steroids I, Japan Chemical Society Meeting, Tokyo, Japan, April (1965).

2. Ueno, K., and Osawa, Y., Reaction of Dicyanodichlorobenzoquinone with Phenolic Steroids II, Japan Chemical Society Meeting, Tokyo, Japan, April (1966).

3. Duax, W.L., Osawa, Y., Norton, D.A., and Pokrywiecki, S., Crystalline Complexes of Two Derivatives of 2b-Hydroxytestosterone, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. G2, New Orleans, Louisiana, March (1970).

4.© Osawa, Y., and Spaeth, D. G., Mechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis in Human Ovaries, Endocrine Society Meeting, Abstract No. 317, St. Louis, Missouri, June (1970).

5. Spaeth, D.G., and Osawa, Y., Stereospecificity of Hydrogen Removal During Aromatization of Testosterone by Human Ovaries, American Chemical Society Meeting, Abstract No. 95, Chicago, Illinois, September (1970).

6. Osawa, Y., Steric Mechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis In Vitro, Endocrine Society Meeting, Abstract No. 16, San Francisco, California, June (1971).

7. Osawa, Y., and Duax, W.L., Conformations of Steroid A-Rings Determined by X-Ray Crystallography and Spectroscopy, XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Abstract No. 318, Boston, Massachusetts, July (1971).

8. Cody, V., Yasuda, K., Duax, W.L., Osawa, Y., and Norton, D.A., Molecular Conformation of 2b-Methyl-17b-p-bromobenzenesulfonyloxy-4-estren-3-one, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. C11, Ames, Iowa, August (1971).

9. Pokrywiecki, S., Duax, W.L., Weeks, C.M., Osawa, Y., and Norton, D.A., The Crystal and Molecular Structures of p-Methoxybenzenesulfon-p-anisidide and its N-i-Propyl Derivative, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. C10, Ames, Iowa, August (1971).

10. Osawa, Y., and Duax, W.L., Conflicts Between Steroid A-Ring Conformation as Predicted by Cotton Effect and by X-Ray Crystallography, American Chemical Society Meeting, Abstract No. 207, Buffalo, New York, October (1971).

11. Yasuda, K., and Osawa, Y., Preparation of Stereoselectively Labeled 2b-Hydroxytestosterone, American Chemical Society Meeting, Abstract No. 209. October (1971).

12. Hellriegel, J.C., Jr., and Osawa, Y., The In Vitro Formation of 15a-Hydroxy-estriol by Fetal Liver, American Chemical Society Meeting, Abstract No. 72, Buffalo, New York, October (1971).

13. Weeks, C.M., Osawa, Y., Duax, W.L., and Pokrywiecki, S., Physical Structure and Biological Activity in the Sulfonamide Estrogens, American Chemical Society Meeting, Abstract No. 78, Buffalo, New York, October (1971).

14. Cody, V., Duax, W.L., DeJarnette, F.E., Norton, D.A., and Osawa, Y., Flexible A-Ring Conformations in 2,2-Disubstituted Steroids: Normal Chair and Twist Conformations, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. M2, Albuquerque, New Mexico, April (1972).

15. Nagatomi, K., Osawa, Y., Slaunwhite, W.R., Jr., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Conjugation and Metabolism of 15a-Hydroxylated Estrogens, IVth International Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 307, Washington, DC, June (1972).

16. Hellriegel, J.C., Jr., and Osawa, Y., 15a-Hydroxyestriol Synthesis by Human Fetal Tissue In Vitro, Fed. Proc., 31, 3683 (1972).

17. Osawa, Y., Duax, W.L., and Norton, D.A., Steroid Conformations in Solid and Solution, IXth International Congress of Crystallography, Abstract No. VIII-2, S104, Kyoto, Japan (1972).

18. Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., Molecular Conformation and Enzymic Hydroxylation of 19-Oxygenated Steroids, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. 13, Gainesville, Florida, January (1973).

19. Yasuda, K., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis and Isomerization of 3H- and 14C-2b-Hydroxytestosterone, 93rd National Meeting of the Japanese Pharmaceutical Society, April (1973).

20. Bellino, F.L., Osawa, Y., and Koepf, G.F., Evidence for Separate Aromatization Sites of Testosterone and Androstenedione in Human Placental Microsomes, 55th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 92, A-107, Abstract No. 117, Chicago, Illinois (1973).

21. Osawa, Y., and Shibata, K., Mechanism of Aromatization. Oxygen Incorporation and Role of 19-Hydroxy-, 19,19-Dihydroxy-, and 19-Oxoandrostenedione as Intermediate, 55th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 92, A-106, Abstract No. 116, Chicago, Illinois (1973).

22. Osawa, Y., Gilani, S.S.H., and Duax, W.L., Stereochemistry of 19-Oxygenated Testosterone, XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Abstract No. 244, Hamburg, Germany, September (1973).

23. Weeks, C.M., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., Conformations of 2-Hydroxytestosterone Derivatives, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. A-2, Berkeley, California, March (1974).

24. Rohrer, D.C., Duax, W.L., Weeks, C.M., Erman, M.G., Osawa, Y., and Soriano, M., Molecular Configuration and Conformation of Intermediates in Estrogen Biosynthesis, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract A-7, Berkeley, California, March (1974).

25. Bellino, F.L., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Enhancement of In Vitro Androgen Binding in Human Placental Microsomes: A Possible Mode of Estrogen Control of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Federation of the American Society for Experimental Biology Meeting, Fed. Proc., 33, 1430 (1974).

26. Ishihara, M., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Enteric Metabolism of Progesterone (P) Detected by In Vitro Use of Amberlite XAD-2 in the Baboon, 56th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 94, A-251, Abstract No. 391, Atlanta, Georgia (1974).

27. Osawa, Y., and Shibata, K., Studies on Stereomechanism of Lyase Reaction in Steroid Biosynthesis, 56th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 94, A-283, Abstract No. 456, Atlanta, Georgia (1974).

28. Duax, W.L., Weeks, C.M., Rohrer, D.C., Osawa, Y., and Wolff, M.E., Conformational Studies of Steroids: Correlations with Biological Data, Fourth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids, Abstract No. S-2(1), Mexico City, Mexico, September (1974).

29. Ishihara, M., Osawa, Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Metabolism of Doubly Labeled Progesterone (P) in the Baboon, 4th International Congress of Hormonal Steroids, J. Steroid Biochem., 5(4), 324, Abstract No. 119, Mexico City, Mexico, September (1974).

30. Osawa, Y., and Shibata, K., Inadequacy of the 19-Aldehyde as an Intermediate in Estrogen Biosynthesis, 4th International Congress on Hormonal Steroids, J. Steroid Biochem., 5(4), 3l5, Abstract No. 80, Mexico City, Mexico, September (1974).

31. Shibata, K., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., Reassignment of Absolute Configuration of 19-Substituted 19-Hydroxysteroid Biochemistry, 4th International Congress on Hormonal Steroids, J. Steroid Biochem., 5(4), 301, Abstract 23, Mexico City, Mexico, September (1974).

32. Gilani, S.S.H., Eng, S.S., Yarborough, C.P., and Osawa, Y., A Rapid Aromatase Assay and Selective Inhibitors for Androstenedione (A) and Testosterone (T) Aromatization In Vitro, 168th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Abstract No. 172, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September (1974).

33. Osawa, Y., and Shibata, K., Mechanism of Biosynthesis of D16-Androgens from Progesterone by Boar Testis Microsomes, 168th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Abstract No. 119, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September (1974).

34. Bellino, F.L., Gilani, S.S.H., and Osawa, Y., Affinity Labeling of Aromatase from Human Placental Microsomes Using Halogenated Androgen Derivatives, Fed. Proc., 34(3), 662, Abstract No. 2519, Atlantic City, New Jersey (1975).

35. Osawa, Y., and Shibata, K., Mechanism of Lyase Reaction in Androgen and Estrogen Biosynthesis, Fed. Proc., 34, 662, Abstract No. 2515, Atlantic City, New Jersey (1975).

36. Attallah, A., Duchesne, M.J., Osawa, Y., and Lee, J.B., Metabolism of PGA1: Isolation and Characterization of the Major Renal Metabolites, International Conference on Prostaglandins, Florence, Italy, May (1975).

37. Bellino, F.L., Osawa, Y., and Koepf, G.F., Location of Estrogen Synthetase Activity in Human Term Placenta, 57th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 96, 170, Abstract No. 240, New York City, New York, June (1975).

38. Osawa, Y., Estrogen Biosynthesis by Bovine Hypothalamus, 57th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 96, 303, Abstract No. 505, New York City, New York, June (1975).

39. Osawa, Y., Shibata, K., and Duax, W.L., Stereochemical Aspects of Estrogen Biosynthesis, XXVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Abstract No. 99, Jerusalem, Israel, July (1975).

40. Shibata, K., and Osawa, Y., Mechanism of Biosynthesis of Androgen and D16-C19-Steroid, 95th Annual Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Japan (1975).

41. Osawa, Y., Shibata, K., and Duax, W.L., Stereochemistry of Enzymic Reduction of 3,17-Dioxo-4-androsten-19-al to 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione by Human Placental Microsomes, 5th International Conference of Endocrinology, London, England, Abstract 39, July (1975).

42. Rohrer, D.C., Weeks, C.M., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Biosynthesis: 19-Oxygenated Intermediates, 10th International Congress of Crystallography and General Assembly of the International Union of Crystallography, Abstract No. 06.1-45, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August (1975).

43. Osawa, Y., Steroid Conformation in Solid and Solution: Use of Crystal Structures for Elucidation of Enzyme Mechanism, Steroid Hormones Symposium: Molecular Structure and Protein Interactions, Buffalo, New York, October (1975).

44. Osawa, Y., Makino, T., Shibata, K., Weeks, C.M., and Duax, W.L., Stereoselective Synthesis of (20proS) and (20proR)-[20-Methyl-Labeled]-20-methyl-5-pregnene-3b,17a,20-triol and Stereoisomerism Around the C17 and C20 Bond, 67th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biological Chemists, Fed. Proc., 35(7), 16999, Abstract No. 1727, San Francisco, California, June (1976).

45. Bellino, F.L., and Osawa, Y., Solubilization of Estrogen Synthetase from Human Term Placenta, Vth International Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 876, Hamburg, Germany, July (1976).

46. Bellino, F.L., Gilani, S.S.H., Osawa, Y., and Duax, W.L., Active-Site Directed Irreversible Inactivation of Aromatase from Term Human Placental Microsomes Using 6a-Bromoandrostenedione, 10th International Congress of Biochemistry, Abstract No. 16-7-264, Hamburg, Germany, July (1976).

47. Osawa, Y., Makino, T., Shibata, K., and Weeks, C.M., Rotational Isomerism of Steroidal 17-Side Chain and Conformational Aspects of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis, Vth International Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 353, Hamburg, Germany, July (1976).

48. Makino, T., and Osawa, Y., Absolute Configuration at C20 of 20-Alkyl-l7a, 20-Dihydroxysteroids, American Chemical Society, Northeast Regional Meeting, Abstract No. 178, Albany, New York, August (1976).

49. Kruger, G.J., Weeks, C.M., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., A Steroid Structure Which Refutes the Isolation of C(17)-C(20) Rotational Isomers, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Evanston, Illinois, August (1976).

50. Bellino, F.L., and Osawa, Y., Enzymic Aspects of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Symposia on Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Buffalo, New York, October (1976).

51. Osawa, Y., Shibata, K., and Duax, W.L., Mechanism of Aromatization: Stereochemistry and Pathway, Symposia on Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Buffalo, New York, October (1976).

52. Rohrer, D.C., Weeks, C.M., Duax, W.L., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Biosynthesis: 19-Oxygenated Intermediates, Symposia on Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Buffalo, New York, October (1976).

53. Tochigi, B., Makino, T., and Osawa, Y., Improved Assay for Plasma Estrogens, Symposia on Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Buffalo, New York, October (1976).

54. Yamamoto, Y., Honjo, H., Ishihara, M., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Estrogen Conjugation in Human Kidney, Symposia on Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Buffalo, New York, October (1976).

55. Makino, T., Shibata, K., and Osawa, Y., Steroid Conformations in Solid and Solution: Stereoselectivity of Grignard Addition to 20-Ketosteroids, American Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, March (1977).

56. Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., Estrogen Biosynthesis by the Prostate of Baboon In Vitro, 2nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Andrology, Palm Springs, California, March (1977).

57. Bellino, F.L., and Osawa, Y., Effects of 6b-Bromoandrostenedione (I) and Other SH-Inhibitors of Estrogen Synthetase from Human Term Placenta, 61st Annual Meeting of the Federation of the American Society for Experimental Biology, Fed. Proc. 36(3), 781, Abstract No. 2684, Chicago, Illinois (1977).

58. Yamamoto, Y., Peric-Golia, L., Osawa, Y., Kirdani, R.Y., and Sandberg, A.A., Androgen Metabolism in Three Animal Species and the Human, 59th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 100, 148, Abstract No. 183, Chicago, Illinois, June (1977).

59. Osawa, Y., and Shibata, K., Stereomechanism of Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis: Cyclic Mechanism of Lyase Reaction, 26th International IUPAC Congress, Tokyo, Japan, September (1977).

60. Osawa, Y., Makino, T., Shibata, K., Rohrer, D.C., Weeks, C.M., and Duax, W.L., Steroid Conformations in Solid and Solution: Stereochemistry of the Grignard Addition to 20-Ketosteroids, 26th International IUPAC Congress, Tokyo, Japan, September (1977).

61. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Tochigi, B., Solubilization of Androgen Binding Protein Responsible for Estrogen Biosynthesis from Lyophilized 900G Particulates of Human Term Placenta, 69th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biological Chemists, Fed. Proc. 37, 1721, Abstract No. 2491, Atlanta, Georgia, June (1978).

62. Bellino, F.L., Hussa, R.O., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Synthetase in Trophoblast Cell Culture. Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP and Theophylline Stimulate Vmax of Androgen Aromatization and Increase Cytochrome P-450 Concentration, 60th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 102, Abstract No. 221, Miami, Florida, June (1978).

63. Osawa, Y., Tochigi, B., and Higashiyama, T., Two Different Androgen Aromatases in Human Placenta. Aromatase I for Estriol and Aromatase II for Estrone Formation, 60th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 102, Abstract No. 222, Miami, Florida, June (1978).

64. Osawa, Y., and Higashiyama, T., Solubilized Androgen Aromatases. Purification and Characterization, Vth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids, J. Steroid Biochem., 9, 820, Abstract No. 38, New Delhi, India, October-November (1978).

65. Tochigi, B., Osawa, Y., and Takagi, S., Irreversible Inactivation of Aromatase in Intact Placental Tissue with Bromoandrogens, Vth International Congress on Hormonal Studies, J. Ster. Biochem., 9, 820, Abst. No. 37, New Delhi, India, October (1978).

66. Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Further Characterization of an Estrogen Synthetase (Androgen Aromatase) Solubilized from Human Placenta, 63rd Annual Meeting of the Federation of the American Society for Experimental Biology, Fed. Proc. 38, 731, Abstract No. 2656, Dallas, Texas, April (1979).

67. Tochigi, B., Takagi, S., and Osawa, Y., On the Two Aromatases Pertaining to Human Placental Estrogen Biosynthesis, 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Endocrine Society, Folia Endo. Japonica, 55, 381, Kyoto, Japan, April (1979).

68. Osawa, Y., and Higashiyama, T., Estrogen Biosynthesis: Isolation of Two Cytochrome P-450 Responsible for an Androgen Aromatization in Human Placenta, 61st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 104, Abstract No. 505, Anaheim, California, June (1979).

69. Osawa, Y., Estrogen Synthetase: Androgen Binding Proteins and Mechanism of Enzyme Action, XIth International Biochemistry Congress Satellite Symposium on Hormones: Molecular Structure and Protein Interactions, Buffalo, New York, July (1979).

70. Osawa, Y., and Jimenez, J., Model System for Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis, XIth International Biochemistry Congress Satellite Symposium on Hormones: Molecular Structure and Protein Interactions, Buffalo, New York, July (1979).

71. Osawa, Y., Study of the Coupling Reaction Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis. Intermolecular Coupling of N-Acetyldiiodotyrosine (NAcDIT) to Form T4 and "T8" Moiety, XIth International Congress of Biochemistry, Abstract No. ll-l-S6l, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, July (1979).

72. Osawa, Y., and Higashiyama, T., Isolation of Human Placental Cytochrome P-450 and Its Mechanism of Action of Androgen Aromatization, Fourth International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations, Abstract No. P235, Ann Arbor, Michigan, July (1979).

73. Duax, W.L., Numazawa, M., Osawa, Y., Strong, P.D., and Weeks, C.M., Crystal and Molecular Properties of Polymorphic Forms of 6b-Bromo-17b-acetoxy-4-androsten-3-one, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. PB8, Boston, Massachusetts, August (1979).

74. Griffin, J.F., Duax, W.L., Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Reaction Product of the Addition of Ethyl Grignard to 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. PA30, Boston, Massachusetts, August (1979).

75. Yatake, Y., Tochigi, M., Tochigi, B., Takagi, S., Osawa, Y., and Kanbegawa, A., Biorhythm of Salivary Cortisol in Pregnant Women, Annual Meeting of the Japanese Endocrine Society, Folia Endocr. Jap., 55, Tokyo, Japan, October (1979).

76. Tochigi, M., Yatake, Y., Tochigi, B., Takagi, S., Osawa, Y., and Kanbegawa, A., RIA of Salivary Estriol Using Amberlite XAD-2 Resin Column, Annual Meeting of the Japanese Endocrine Society, Folia Endocr. Jap., 55, Tokyo, Japan, October (1979).

77. Spaulding, S.W., Masuda, T., and Osawa, Y., Increased 17b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in a Masculinizing Adrenal Adenoma Overproducing Only Testosterone, Great Lakes Endocrine Society and G.O.I.T.R.E. Meetings, Buffalo, New York, November (1979).

78. Osawa, Y., and Higashiyama, T., Estrogen Biosynthesis: Species Specificity of Androstenedione Aromatization Observed by Reconsititution of Purified Enzyme Components, Sixth International Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 819, Melbourne, Australia, February (1980).

79. Osawa, Y., Model System for Study of Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis: The Fate of Regiospecific Labels in the Coupling Reaction, VIII International Thyroid Congress, Abstract No. 44, Sydney, Australia, February (1980).

80. Spaulding, S.W., Masuda, T., and Osawa, Y., Increased 17b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in a Masculinizing Adrenal Adenoma Overproducing Only Testosterone, Sixth International Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 668, Melbourne, Australia, February (1980).

81. Swenson, D.C., Duax, W.L., Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., The Crystal Structure of 16a-Bromo-4-androstene-3,17-dione, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. PA10, Eufaula, Alabama, March (1980).

82. Osawa, Y., and Higashiyama, T., Purification and Characterization of Androgen Aromatase Components (Cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-Cyt c (P-450) Reductase) from Human and Horse Placentas and the Reconstitution and Cross-Reconstitution of Human, Horse and Rat Components, American Society of Biological Chemists, 71st Annual Meeting, Fed. Proc., 39, 2052, Abstract No. 2359, New Orleans, Louisiana, June (1980).

83. Tochigi, B., Tochigi, M., Takagi, S., Honda, M., and Osawa, Y., Change of Androgen Aromatase Activity in the Human Placenta Throughout Pregnancy, 62nd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 106, Abstract No. 525, Washington, DC, June (1980).

84. Fronckowiak, M.D., Osawa, Y., and McMullan, R.K., Grignard Deuteration Chiralities and C-H Bond Length Correlations Derived in the Neutron Refinement of 20-Methylpregnenediol, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. PB13, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, August (1980).

85. Swenson, D.C., Numazawa, M., Osawa, Y., and Duax, W.L., Structural Evidence Supports the Proposed Reaction Mechanisms for Controlled Alkaline Hydrolysis of 16-Bromo-17-ketosteroids, American Crystallographic Association Meeting, Abstract No. PB14, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, August (1980).

86. Tochigi, M., Yatake, K., Tochigi, B., Takagi, S., and Osawa, Y., Effect of Deep Freeze Storage on the Aromatizing Enzyme in Human Placentas, 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Endocrine Society, Fol. Endocr. Jap., 56, Abstract No. 518, 589 (1980).

87. Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., New Synthetic Method of 16a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-Sulfate, 19th Northeast Division Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Sendai, Japan (1980).

88. Numazawa, M., Osawa, Y., and Duax, W.L., Polymorphism and Crystalline Structure of 6b-Bromotestosterone Acetate, Annual Meeting of the Japanese Pharmaceutical Society, Japan, April (1981).

89. Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Structural Identification and Characterization of Human Placental Androgen Aromatase by the Reconstitution of Aromatase Components and Phospholipid, 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biological Chemists, Fed. Proc., 40, 1681, Abstract No. 816, St. Louis, Missouri, May (1981).

90. Osawa, Y., Nakamura, T., and Higashiyama, T., Anti-Human Placental Aromatase and NADPH-Cytochrome P-450 Reductase Antibodies and Immunochemical Comparison of Human, Baboon and Horse Placental Estrogen Biosynthesis, 63rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 108, A-296, 156, Cincinnati, Ohio, June (1981).

91a. Tochigi, M., Tochigi, B., Takagi, S., and Osawa, Y., The Significance of 16aOH-E1 in Comparative Studies of Androgen Aromatase I and II Activity in Human Term Placentas, 63rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 108, A-451, 195, Cincinnati, Ohio, June (1981).

91b. Tochigi, M., Tochigi, B., Takagi, S., and Osawa, Y., The Substrate Specificity of Placental Aromatase in vitro, Folia Endocr. Jap., 57, Abst. 284, 54th Annual Meeting of Japan Endocrine Society, Okayama, Japan, June (1981).

92. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Nakamura, T., Species Specificity of Estrogen Biosynthesis in Pregnancy. Immunochemistry Difference of Placental NADPH-Cytochrome c (P-450) Reductase in Human, Baboon and Horse, 5th International Symposium of the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, "Recent Advances in Steroid Biochemistry", 15, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, July (1981).

93. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Nakamura, T., Multiplicity of Placental Cytochrome P-450 and Mechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Fifth International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations, Abstract No. P-1-54, Tokyo, Japan, July (1981).

94. Osawa, Y., Multiple Forms of Aromatase - Recent Observations, Workshop on Aromatase: New Perspectives for Breast Cancer. Abstract No. 10, Key Biscayne, Florida, December (1981).

95. Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Biosynthesis and Multiplicity of Cytochrome P-450 in Human Placenta: Separation of the Third Distinct P-450 from Aromatase II Fraction, American Society of Biological Chemists Meeting, Fed. Proc., 41, A-3583, 833, New Orleans, Louisiana, April (1982).

96. Osawa, Y., and Nakamura, T., Anti-Human Placental Aromatase II Cytochrome P-450 Antibody and Immunochemical Study of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Endocrinology, 110S, Abst. No. 3l, 87, 64th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, San Francisco, California, June (1982).

97. Tochigi, M., Tochigi, B., Yoshida, T., Takagi, S., and Osawa, Y., Major Role Played by 16a-Hydroxyestrone (160HE1) for Estriol (E) Formation in Human Pregnancy, 64th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinolgoy, 110S, Abst. No. 637, 239, San Francisco, California, June (1982).

98. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Nakamura, T., Androgen Aromatase. Multiplicity of the Enzyme System and Specificity of Estrogen Biosynthesis, l2th International Congress of Biochemistry, Abstract No. POS-005-10, Perth, Australia, August (1982).

99. Yamamoto, T., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Biosynthesis in Rabbit Placenta Through Gestation, 7th Asia & Oceania Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 387, Tokyo, Japan, August (1982).

100. Osawa, Yoshio, Osawa, Yoichi, and Yarborough, C., 17a-Ethynyl-19-norsteroids, Suppressor of Estrogen Biosynthesis, 7th Asia & Oceania Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 109, Tokyo, Japan, August (1982).

101. Tochigi, B., Kamiya, T., Masaoka, N., Tsukamoto, T., Tochigi, M., Oya, A., Yoshida, T., Takagi, S., and Osawa, Y., Comparison of 16a-OH-A to -T Aromatization with Respect to E3 Formation in the Human Placenta, 7th Asia & Oceania Congress of Endocrinology, Abstract No. 388, Tokyo, Japan, August (1982).

102. Brownscheidle, C.M., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., A Regional Analysis of Human Placental Aromatase Activity, 9th Rochester Trophoblast Conference, Abstract No. 39, Rochester, New York, October (1982).

103. Nakamura, T., Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Immunochemical Studies of Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 in Human, Baboon and Horse Placentae, 55th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society, Osaka, Japan, October (1982).

104. Yamamoto, T., Okada, H., and Osawa, Y., Process of Androstenedione Aromatization of Human Fetal Liver Tissue, 56th Annual Meeting of Japan Endocrine Society, Osaka, Japan, May (1983).

105. Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Two Distinct Forms of NADPH-Cyt c Reductase Isolated from Human Placental Aromatase, Fed. Proc., 42(7), 1836 Abst. 458, American Society of Biological Chemists, San Francisco, California, June (1983).

106. Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., Non-Aromatizing Androgen C10-19 Lyase: Biosynthesis of 19-Norandrostenedione, Endocrinology, 112S, 246, Abst. 664, 65th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, San Antonio, Texas, June (1983).

107. Fronckowiak, M.D., and Osawa, Y., Purification of Placental Aromatase Clarifies Substrate Specificity of Androgen and 19-Norsteroid Aromatization, Endocrinology, 112S, 304, Abst. 895, 65th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, San Antonio, Texas, June (1983).

108. Osawa, Yoshio, Osawa, Yoichi, Yarborough, C., and Borzynski, L., Irreversible Inhibitors of Oestrogen Biosynthesis (Aromatase), Biochemical Society Meeting, Cambridge, England, June (1983).

109. Yamamoto, T., Okada, H., and Osawa, Y., Androstenedione Aromatization by Human Breast Cancer Tissue: Immunochemical Properties of Aromatase and Correlation to Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors, Annual Meeting of Japan Andrology Soc., Kobe, Japan, June (1983).

110. Tochigi, B., Kamiya, T., Masaoka, N., Tsukamoto, T., Sakata, H., Yoshida, T., Takagi, S., Tochigi, M., and Osawa, Y., Substrate Specificity of Aromatase on Estriol Formation in the Human Placenta, Folia Endocr. Japonica, 59, A-149, 56th Japan Endocrine Soc. Meeting, Osaka, Japan, May (1983).

111. Tochigi, M., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Aromatase Inhibitors in Cigarette Smoke, Great Lakes Endocrine Group, Buffalo, NY, October (1983).

112. Numazawa, M., Kimura, K., Nagaoka, M., Ogata, M., and Osawa, Y., Determination of Aromatase Activity Involved in the Formation of Estriol with Human Placental Microsomes and Its Kinetic Properties, J. Pharm. Dyn. 7, S-19 (1984), 6th Symposium on Analytical Chemistry of Biological Substances, Sapporo, Japan (1983).

113. Tsuji, M., Numazawa, M., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis of Affinity Labels for Human Placental Aromatase and their Inhibition of Estrogen Biosynthesis, 22nd Meeting of Japanese Pharm. Soc., Northest. Div., Morioka, Japan, Abst. 2-10, p. 39, October (1983).

114. Yoshiharu, S., Takamori, S., Yamamoto, T., Okada, H., Kitano, Y., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Biosynthesis by Human Lung Tissues: Comparison of Androgen Aromatase Activity in Fetal, Adult and Cancer Tissues, Folia Endocrin. Jap. 60, 480 Abst. 432 (1984).

115. Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Purification and Partial Characterization of Two Distinct Human Placental Aromatase Cytochromes P-450, 75th Annual Meeting of Amer. Soc. of Biol. Chemists, Fed. Proc., 43, 2033, A-3580, St. Louis, MO, June (1984).

116. Tochigi, M., Yarborough, C., Osawa, Y., Tochigi, B., Yoshida, T., and Takagi, S., Effect of Human Placental Aromatase Inactivators on Rat Ovarian Aromatase in Vivo, 7th Int. Cong. of Endocrinology, Excerpta Medica, 1478, Abstract 2436, Quebec City, Canada, July (1984).

117. Sakai, C., Yamamoto, T., Okada, H., and Osawa, Y., A Comparison of Aromatase Activity for C-19 Steroids in Fetal Liver, Adult Liver and Hepatoma Tissues of Human Subjects, 7th Internat. Cong. of Endocrinology, Excerpta Medica, 1345, Abstract 2169, Quebec City, Canada, July (1984).

118. Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., Adrenal Androgen 19-Desmolase and 19-Hydroxylase, 7th International Congress of Endocrinology, Excerpta Medica, 1233, Abstract 1945, Quebec City, Canada, July (1984).

119. Lawrence, W.D., Osawa, Y., Davis, P.J., and Blas, S.D., Structure-Activity Relationships of Sex Steroid Analogs Determined in Vitro in a Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Membrane CA2+-ATPase Model, 7th International Congress of Endocrinology, Excerpta Medica, 1147, Abstract 1774, Quebec City, Canada, July (1984).

120. Yarborough, C., Tochigi, M., and Osawa, Y., Irreversible Inhibitory Effect of Tobacco Extract on Placental Estrogen Biosynthesis In Vitro, 7th International Congress of Endocrinlogy, Excerpta Medica, 1542, Abstract 2563, Quebec City, Canada, July (1984).

121. Osawa, Y., and Higashiyama, T., Multiplicity of Both CYT P-450 and NADPH-CYT P-450 Reductase in Placental Aromatase, 6th International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations, Brighton, Sussex, England, August (1984).

122. Tochigi, B., Akamine, K., Matsuura, M., Masaoka, N., Tsukamoto, T., Sakata, H., Yoshida, T., Takagi, S., Tochigi, M., and Osawa, Y., On the Inhibitory Effect of Smoking on Placental Aromatase Activity, Folia Endocrin. Jap. 60, 322, Abst. 115 (1984).

123. Sekihara, H., Torri, R., Osawa, Y., and Takaku, F., Andrenal Androgens Under Control of Angiotensin II, Folia Endocr. Japonica, Annual Meeting of the Japan Endocrine Soc., Japan (1984).

124. Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., Non-Aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase in Sheep Adrenal and Validity of 3H2O Assay Using [19-3H3]androgen, FASEB Meeting, Fed. Proc., 44, 632, A-1301, Anaheim, CA, April (1985).

125. Washida, N., Matsui, S., and Osawa, Y., Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Placental Aromatase II Cytochrome P-450, FASEB Meeting, Fed. Proc., 44, 861, A-233, Anaheim, CA, April (1985).

126. Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., Unusually High Apparent Kinetic Isotope Effect Revealed in Adrenal Steroid Hydroxylation, Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 116S, 101, A403, Baltimore, MD, June (1985).

127. Fronckowiak, M., and Osawa, Y., Isotope Effects of Placental Aromatase Assessed as a Function of Hydroxylation Step and Enzyme Preparation, Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 116S, 54, A213, Baltimore, MD, June (1985).

128. Osawa, Yoshio, Purification and Characterization of Human Placental Aromatase Isozymes and Their Cytochrome P450, 4th International Symposium on Comparative Biochemistry Cytochrome P-450, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium, August (1985).

129. Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., Non-Aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase in Adrenal Glands and High Apparent Kinetic Isotope Effect of the Reaction, 13th International Congress of Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August (1985).

130. Osawa, Y., Washida, N., and Higashiyama, T., Characteristics of Two Aromatase Isozymes of Human Placenta, The 5th International Conference on Biochemistry, Biophysics and Induction of Cytochrome P-450, Budapest, August (1985).

131. Kosaki, T., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., On the Sheep Adrenal Non-aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase, Japan Endocrine Society Meeting (1986).

132. Kosaki, T., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Adrenal Non-Aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase is Dependent on Cytochrome P-450, 68th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 118S, 113, A-331, Anaheim, CA, June (1986)

133. Osawa, Y., and Yarborough, C., Adrenal Androgen 11b- and 19-Hydroxylation: A Study on Kinetic Isotope Effect and Metabolic Switching of 3H and 14C Labeled Substrates, 76th Annual Meeting of American Society Biological Chemists, Federation Proceedings, 45(6), l887, A-2373, Washington, D.C., June (1986).

134. Fronckowiak, M.D., and Osawa, Y., C-19-Tritium Labeling Forces Expression of the Alternate Hydroxylation Preferences of Placental Aromatase, 68th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 118S, 77, A-186, Anaheim, CA, June (1986).

135. Osawa, Yoichi, Coon, M. J., and Osawa, Yoshio, Stereochemistry of 6-Bromoandrostenedione Determines the Mode of Aromatase Inhibition, 76th Annual Meeting of American Society Biological Chemists, Federation Proceedings 45(6), 1749, A-1564, Washington, D.C., June (1986).

136. Ohnishi, S., and Osawa, Y., Synthesis of 19-Tritium Labeled Progesterone, American Chemical Society Meeting, Anaheim, Ca, September (1986).

137. Shimizu, S., Hashino, M., Kosaki, K., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., Human Fetal Adrenal Non-aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase, Endocrine Society of Japan, Nagasaki, Japan, October (1986).

138. Kosaki, T., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., Sheep Adrenal Non-aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase is a Cyt. P-450 Dependent Monooxygenase, Endocrine Society of Japan, Nagasaki, Japan, October (1986).

139. Fronckowiak, M.D., and Osawa, Y., The Alternate Catalytic Proclivities of Placental Aromatase, Revealed When Tritium Substitution Slows the Normal Pathway are Quantitatively Significant and Show Strikingly Different Substrate-specific Patterns, 10th Annual Eastern Great Lakes Endocrine Meeting, Rochester, N.Y., October (1986).

140. Kitawaki, J., Osawa, Y., and Callard, G.V., Aromatase Isozyme in Goldfish Brain and Stereochemistry of the Aromatization, Aromatase: Future Perspectives Meeting, Miami, Florida, March (1987).

141. Sekihara, H., Yonemitsu, K., Takaku, F., and Osawa, Y., Acceleration and Enhancement of the Hypertensinogenic Action of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione by Aromatase Inhibitor, 19-Noretheisterone, Aromatase: Future Perspectives Meeting, Miami, FL March (1987).

142. Fronckowiak, M., and Osawa, Y., Metabolic Switching Patterns Provide Definitive Evidence of Substrate-Specificity and Delineate Subtle Differences in Positioning at the Aromatase Active Site, Aromatase: Future Perspective Meeting, Miami, FL, March (1987).

143. Osawa, Y., Fronckowiak, M., Yoshida, N., and Higashiyama, T., Rebuttal to the 1a,2b-Hydrogen Elimination Mechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis by Reconstituted Aromatase, Aromatase: Future Perspectives Meeting, Miami, FL, March (1987).

144. Tochigi, B., Tochigi, M., Yoshida, T., Takagi, S., Yarborough, C., and Osawa Y., Accumulation of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione in Human Ovarian Aromatization and Suppressibility of the Intermediate by Monoclonal Antibody to Placental Aromatase Cytochrome P-450, 69th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 120S, 215, A-776, Indianapolis, IN, June (1987).

145. Kosaki, T., Nakayama, T., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Androgen 19-Hydroxylase of Human Fetal Adrenal and Species Difference of Apparent Kinetic Isotope Effect of Non-Aromatizing 19-Hydroxylation, 69th Annual Meeting of Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 120S, 148, A-508, Indianapolis, IN, June (1987).

146. Osawa, Y., Yoshida, N., Higashiyama, T., and Kitawaki, J., Cytochrome P-450 in Human Placental Microsomes: Isolation of Androgen Aromatase Cyt P-450 from Xenobiotic Metabolizing Cyt P-450 by Immunoaffinity Separation, 7th International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations, Adelaide, Australia, August (1987).

147. Ohnishi, S., and Osawa, Y., Stereochemistry of 18-Oxygenated Steroids, 194th National American Chemical Society Meeting, New Orleans, LA, August (1987).

148. Kosaki, T., Shimizu, S., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., Detection of Non-aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase in Human Fetal Adrenals and Species Difference of the Metabolic Power, 39th Annual Japan Soc. of OB/GYN Meeting, Acta Obst. GYNAEC. Jpn., 39, Suppl. Feb. S-239, Abst. 313 (1987).

149. Shimizu, S., Hashino, M., Kosaki, T., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., On the Non-Aromatizing Androgen 19-Hydroxylase Activity in Various Tissues of Human Fetus, 39th Annual Japan Soc. of OB/GYN Meeting, Acta Obst. GYNAEC. Jpn., 39, Suppl. Feb. S-239, Abst. 314 (1987).

150. Daito, S., Shimizu, S., Hashino, M., Kosaki, T., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., A GC-MS Method of Measurement of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione, An Intermediate of Estrogen Biosynthesis, 39th Annual Japan Soc. of OB/GYN Meeting, Acta Obst. GYNAEC. Jpn., 39, Suppl. Feb. S-240, Abst. 315 (1987).

151. Osawa, Y., Yoshida, N., Kitawaki, J., and Higashiyama, T., Immunoaffinity Purification of Human Placental Estrogen Synthesizing Enzymes by Use of Monoclonal Antibodies, 6th International Congress on Placental and Endometrial Proteins, Nagoya, Japan, December (1987).

152. Fronckowiak, M.D., and Osawa, Y., Metabolic Switching as a Tool for Investigating the Active Site and Mechanism of Action of the Aromatase Enzyme, 11th Annual Great Lakes Endocrine Meeting, Syracuse, N.Y., October (1987).

153. Ohhigashi, S., Kosaki, T., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., Osawa, Y., and Ohnishi, S., New Method of Measurement of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione, An Intermediate of Aromatization, and The Plasma Level in Pregnant Women and Fetus, Annual Japan Soc. of OB/GYN Meeting, April (1988).

154. Tochigi, B., Tochigi, M., Yoshida, T., Takagi, S., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Comparative Study of Ovarian and Placental Aromatase Using Different Substrates and Monoclonal Antibody to Human Placental Aromatase Cytochrome P-450, 70th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 122S, 344, A-1295, New Orleans, LA, June (1987).

155. Fronckowiak, M.D., and Osawa Y., Aromatization of 2-Beta Labeled Testosterone Occurs Under Two Different Stereomechanisms, 70th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 122S, 128, A-430, New Orleans, LA, June (1988).

156. Daito, S., Hashino, M., Kosaki, T., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., A New Method of Measuring 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione and Its Level in Maternal and Fetal Blood, 40th Annual Japan Soc. of OB/GYN Meeting, Acta Obstetrica et Gynaecologica Japanica, 40, Suppl. Feb., S-387, Abst. 45 (1988).

157. Ohhigashi, S., Kosaki, T., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., Osawa, Y., and Ohnishi, S., Measurement of 19-OH-Androstenedione by Newly Developed Method Using GC-MS, 8th Int. Cong. of Endocr., Kyoto, Japan, A-15-19-029, (1988).

158. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yoshida, N., A Non-Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 in Human Placental Microsomes, 8th Int. Cong. of Endocr., Kyoto, Japan, A-15-19-002, (1988).

159. Yoshida, N., and Osawa, Y., Immunoaffinity Purification and Characterization of Human Placental Aromatase, 8th International Congress of Endocrinology, Kyoto, Japan, A-15-19-001, (1988).

160. Yarborough, C., Kosaki, T., and Osawa, Y., Species Difference in Adrenal Androgen 19-Hydroxylation and Its Apparent Kinetic Isotope Effect, 8th Int. Cong. of Endocr., Kyoto, Japan, A-13-18-036, (1988).

161. Osawa, Y., and Tochigi, M., 5a-Dihydro-19-norethisterone (5a-DHNET) is an Aromatase Inactivator in vivo and Suppresses the Incidence of Estrogen-dependent Breast Tumors in BUF/N Rats, Satellite Symposium, Sex Steroid-Dependent Tumors, Tokyo, Japan, July (1988).

162. Kitawaki, J., Yoshida, N., and Osawa, Y., An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantitation of Aromatase Cytochrome P-450, 8th International Congress of Endocrinology, Kyoto, Japan, A-15-19-030, July (1988).

163. Tochigi, M., Tochigi, B., Yoshida, T., Takagi, S., and Osawa, Y., Immunochemical Comparison of Aromatase Activity in the Ovary and Placenta Using a Monoclonal Antibody to Human Placental Aromatase, 8th Int. Cong. of Endocr., Kyoto, Japan, A-16-18-008, (1988).

164. Bullion, K., and Osawa, Y., Inhibition of Human Placental Microsomal Aromatase by Xenobiotic Chemicals, 11th Rochester Trophoblast Conference and The European Placenta Group, Rochester, NY, October (1988).

165. Kosaki, T., Shimizu, Y., Ohigashi, S., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., and Osawa, Y., Androgen 19-Hydroxylase in Human Fetal Adrenal and 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione Levels in Feto-placento-maternal Compartment, 12th World Cong. of Genecology and Obstetrics, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, (1988).

166. Fronckowiak, M., Yoshida, N., and Osawa, Y., 19-Norandrogens and Human Placental Aromatase: Assessment of Estrogenic and Alternate Product Formation Using Purified Enzyme, 11th Rochester Trophoblast Conference and The European Placenta Group, Rochester, NY, October (1988).

167. Fronckowiak, M., and Osawa, Y., Assays of Estrogen Biosynthesis Using Tritium Labeled Substrates: A Cautionary Tale, Great Lakes Endocrine Society Meeting, Buffalo, N.Y., October (1988).

168. Bullion, K.A., and Osawa, Y., Competitive Inhibition of Human Placental Microsomal Aromatase by Non-steroidal Nitrogen-containing Compounds, Great Lakes Endocrine Society Meeting, Buffalo, N.Y., October (1988).

169. Osawa, Y., Kitawaki, J., and Yoshida, N., Quantitative Immunochemical Analysis of Human Placental Aromatase Cytochrome P-450, Great Lakes Endocrine Society Meeting, Buffalo, N.Y., October (1988).

170. Inoue, S., Kitawaki, J., Okada, H., and Osawa, Y., Quantitative Assay of Human Placental Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 by ELISA, 61st Annual Japan Endocrine Society Meeting, Folia Endocr Japonica, 64(9), A-337 November (1988).

171. Kitawaki, J., Inoue, S., Yamamoto, T., Okada, H., and Osawa, Y., Purification of Human Placental 3b-HSD/isomerase by Use of Monoclonal Antibody, Japan Endocrine Society Meeting (1989).

172. Kosaki, T., Shimizu, Y., Ohigashi, S., Hashino, M., Yanaihara, T., Nakayama, T., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Plasma Concentration of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OHA) during Pregnancy and at Delivery, 71st Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 124(S). A-525, Seattle, WA, June 1989.

173. Tamura, N., Kitawaki, J., Fujimoto, T., Yamamoto, T., Okada, H., and Osawa, Y., Studies on 5a-DHNET, an Aromatase Suicide Inhibitor, Japanese Endocrine Society Meeting (1989).

174. Osawa, Y., and Nagaoka, M., Adrenal and Placental Androgen 19-Hydroxylase: Difference in the Stereomechanism of 19-Hydroxylation of 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione, Endocrinology, 124(S), A-1450, (1989).

175. Tamura, N., Kitawaki, J., Yamamoto, T., Okada, H., Yamada, H., and Osawa, Y., Immunohistochemical Localization of Aromatase in Human Placenta and Rat Ovary by Use of Specific Antibodies, Japan Endocrine Society, Sapporo, Japan, October (1989).

176. Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., and Bahr, J.M., Two-Cell Theca Theory: Steroid Biosynthesis in the Theca Layer of the Chicken Ovary, Serono Symposia, USA (1990).

177. Osawa, Y., Matsumoto, A., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Development of a Rapid Non-aromatizing Androgen 19-Desmolase Assay and Discovery of the 19-Desmolation Stimulating Factor in the Cytosol of Dog Adrenal, 72nd Annual Meeting of Endocrine Society, Endocrinology 126S, A-1020, 279, Atlanta, Georgia, June (1990).

178. Tada, A., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Rebuttal to the "Unique Aromatase in Prostate" and Evidence for [1b-3H]Exchange Reaction of Androstenedione with 5a-Reductase in Prostatic Microsomes, 72nd Annual Meeting of Endocrine Society, Endocrinology 126S, A-987, 271, Atlanta, Georgia, June (1990).

179. Nitta, H., Bahr, J.M., and Osawa, Y., Immunolocalization of Steroidogenic Cells in the Chicken Ovary: Androgens and Estrogens are Produced in Different Cell Populations, Poultry Science Assn. Annual Meeting, August (1990).

180. Osawa, Y., Nagaoka, M., Matsumoto, A., and Yarborough, C., Two Androgen 19-Desmolase Systems, Aromatizing and Non-Aromatizing: Detection of Their Stereochemical Difference in Hydroxylation and Development of a Simultaneous Assay for both Activities, VIII International Congress on Hormonal Steroids, The Hague, The Netherlands, J. Steroid Biochem. 36(S), 95(S), Abst. 259, September (1990).

181. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Shimizu, K., and Yoshida, N., Isolation of a Xenobiotic Metabolizing Cytochrome P-450 (P-45050K) with no Aromatase Activity from Placental Microsomes of Both Cigarette Smoking and Non-smoking Mothers, International Conference on Placenta-Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, October (1990).

182. Shimizu, Y., Kawai, K., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Metabolism of [19-3H2,4-14C]-6b,19-Epoxyandrostenedione, 75th FASEB Annual Meeting, FASEB Journal, 5, A-2485, Atlanta, GA, April (1991).

183. Osawa, Y., Kadohama, N., Shintani, K., Yarborough, C., Zhou, D., and Chen, S., Structure-Function Relationships of Aromatase: Functional Changes Observed in Aromatase Produced by Site Directed Mutagenesis, 73rd Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 128(S), 367, A-1347, Washington, D.C., June (1991).

184. Shintani, K., Shimizu, K., Kadohama, N., and Osawa, Y., Diversity in Immunochemical Suppression of Aromatase Activity was Found Among Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tissues by Use of Specific Monoclonal Anti-Human Placental Aromatase P450 Antibodies, 73rd Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 128(S), 450, A-1678, Washington, D.C., June (1991).

185. Bahr, J.M., Hess, R.A., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., and Nitta, H., Identification of Steroidogenic Cells in the Rooster Testis by Immunocytochemistry, Serono Symposium, Vancouver, BC, July (1991).

186. Nitta, H., Hess, R.A., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., and Bahr, J.M., Immunolocalization of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Adult Mouse Testis: Evidence of Germinal Cells as Steroidogenic Cells, Serono Symposium, Vancouver, BC, July (1991).

187. Hirakawa, T., Thor, A.D., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., and Scully, R.E., Stromal Hyperthecosis of the Ovary: Immunohistochemical Distribution of Steroidogenic Enzymes, Annual Meeting of the U.S. and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Atlanta, GA (1992).

188. Shimizu, Y., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Competitive Inhibition of Human Placental Estrogen 2-Hydroxylation by Aromatase Inhibitors, 74th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 130(S), 407, A-1421, San Antonio, TX, June (1992).

189. Kadohama, N., Yarborough, C., Zhou, D., Chen, S., and Osawa, Y., Characterization of Mutant Forms of Aromatase by Kinetic Analyses and Sensitivity to Inhibitors, 74th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 130(S), 237, A-744, San Antonio, TX, June (1992).

190. Shintani, K., Sekiba, K., and Osawa, Y., Characteristics of Aromatase in Various Cultured Cell Lines, Japan OB/GYN Annual Meeting (1992).

191. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Shimizu, Y., and Yarborough, C., Multiple Functions of Aromatase and the Active Site Structure: Aromatase is the Placental Estrogen 2-Hydroxylase, Third Int'l. Conference on Aromatase, Bologna, Italy, June (1992).

192. Shimizu, Y., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Competitive Product Inhibition of Aromatase by Natural Estrogens, Third Int'l. Conference on Aromatase, Bologna, Italy, June (1992).

193. Tsubota, T., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., Kita, I., Tiba, T., and Nitta, H., Immunocytochemical Study of the Localization of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Hokkaido Brown Bear Testis, 25th Annual Meeting Society for the Study of Reproduction, Raleigh, NC, July (1992).

194. Nitta, H., Bunick, D., Hess, R.A., Osawa, Y., and Bahr, J.M., Efferent Ductules of the Rooster as a Site of Estrogen Production and a Target for Estrogen Action, Society for the Study of Reproduction, July (1992).

195. Tsubota, T., Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., Kita, I., Tiba, T., and Bahr, J.M., Immunolocalization of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Corpus Luteum of Hokkaido Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos Yesoensis), IX Ovarian Workshop, Chapel Hill, NC, July (1992).

196. Nitta, H., Kita, I., Tsubota, T., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., Tiba, T., and Bahr, J.M., Identification of Steroidogenic Cells in the Corpus Luteum of the Japanese Sika Deer, IX Ovarian Workshop, Chapel Hill, NC, July (1992).

197. Howell, L.A., Nitta, H., Nakai, M., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., and Bahr, J.M., Localization of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Ovary of the Newly Hatched Chick, IX Ovarian Workshop, Chapel Hill, NC, July (1992).

198. Shimizu, Y., Yarborough, C., Osawa, Y., Elger, W., and Chwalisz, K., Aromatase Inhibition by Antiprogestational Compounds, Ninth International Congress of Endocrinology, Nice, France, September (1992).

199. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Catechol Estrogen Biosynthesis is Catalyzed by Aromatase Cyt P450 in Human Placentas, Ninth International Congress of Endocrinology, Nice, France, September (1992).

200. Shintani, K., Sekiba, K., and Osawa, Y., Characteristics of Aromatase in Cultured Human Cells, Endocrinologia Japonica, Vol. 68(4), Abst. 156, 295 (1992).

201. Shintani, K., Kudo, N., and Osawa, Y., Induction of Aromatase in Cultured Human Breast Cancer Cells, Obstetrica et Gynecologica Japonica, Vol. 45, Abst. 369, S-312 (1993).

202. Kadohama, N., Shintani, K., and Osawa, Y., Breast Cancer Aromatase Inhibition by Tobacco Alkaloid Derivatives, 84th Annual Meeting of American Assn. for Cancer Research, 34, 235, Abst. 1398, Orlando, FL, May (1993).

203. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Drug Metabolism by Aromatase and Its Effect on Estrogen Biosynthesis, 75th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 132(S), 109, Abst. 23, Las Vegas, NV, June (1993).

204. Tsubota, T., Nitta, H., Osawa, Y., Mason, J.I., Miers, P.G., Thulin, J.D., and Nelson, R.A., Seasonal Changes in Spermatogenesis, The Localization of Testicular Steroidogenic Enzymes and Serum Steroid Profiles in Black Bears, 26th Annual Society for the Study of Reproduction Meeting, Biol. of Reprod., 48 (Suppl.), 87, A-113, Fort Collins, CO, August (1993).

205. Janulis, L., Nitta, H., Hess, R.A., Osawa, Y., and Bunick, D., Mouse Germ Cells Decrease in P450 Aromatase Activity as They Pass Through the Epididymis, 26th Annual Society for the Study of Reproduction Meeting, Fort Collins, Colorado, August (1993).

206. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Diverse Functions of Aromatase Cyt P450: Catecholestrogen Synthesis, Cocaine N-Demethylation, and Other Selective Drug Metabolisms, 8th Intl. Conference on Cytochrome P450, Lisbon, Portugal, October (1993).

207. Shimizu, Y., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., Yanaihara, T., and Osawa, Y., Estrogen Synthetase (Aromatase) Also Has Epinephrine N-Demethylase Activity and is Inhibited by Some Catecholamines, Intl. Study Group for Steroid Hormones, Vienna, Austria, Nov. 28-Dec. 1 (1993).

208. Dandona, P., Kadohama, N., Yarborough, C., Mangione, S.A., Ricotta, J.J., and Osawa, Y., Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMVEC) Express Aromatase Activity and Secrete Estrogens, American Heart Association, Orlando, FL, February (1994).

209. Janssen, S., Janulis, L., Bahr, J.M., Bunick, D., Osawa, Y., and Hess, R.A., P450 Aromatase in the Rat Testis and Epididymis, American Society of Andrology, Springfield, IL, March (1994).

210. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Aromatase and Catecholestrogen Production in Pregnancy: Different Modes of Catecholestrogen Formation in the Ovary and Placenta, 76th Annual Meeting Endocrine Society, Endocrinology, 134(S), 400, A-798, Anaheim, CA, June (1994).

211. Toma, Y., Higashiyama, T., Zhou, D., Yarborough, C., Chen, S., and Osawa, Y., Multifunctionality of Aromatase Cytochrome P450 (CYP19) Expressed in Escherichia Coli, IX Intl. Congress on Hormonal Steroids, Dallas, TX, September (1994).

212. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Difference in the 2-/4-Regioselectivity of Catecholestrogen Biosynthesis in Ovary and Placenta, IX Intl. Congress on Hormonal Steroids, Dallas, TX, September (1994).

213. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Formation of 6a-Hydroxyestradiol (6a-OHE2) from E2 by Aromatase: Evidence for the Reverse Side Interaction of E2 at the Active Site of Aromatase, 77th Annual Endocrince Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 134(S), 88, Abst. OR31-6, Washington, D.C., June (1995).

214. Toma, Y., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Inhibition of Human Placental Estrogen 2-Hydroxylation by Catecholamines, 77th Annual Endocrince Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 134(S), 627, Abst. P3-636, Washington, D.C., June (1995).

215. Dandona, P., Kadohama, N., Yarborough, C., Mangione, S.A., Ricotta, J.J., and Osawa, Y., Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMVEC) Express Aromatase Activity and Secrete Estrogens, 77th Annual Endocrince Society Meeting, Endocrinology, 134(S), 617, Abst. P3-595, Washington, D.C., June (1995).

216. Toma, Y., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Diverse Functions of Aromatase Cyt P450: O-Deethylation of 7-Ethoxycoumarin, 9th Intl. Conference on Cytochrome P450, Zurich, Switzerland, July (1995).

217. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., Zhou, D., and Chen, S., N-Terminal Sequence Deleted Forms of Human Aromatase Cytochrome P450, 10th Intl. Congress of Endocrinology, San Francisco, CA, pg. 873, P3-475, June (1996).

218. Osawa, Y., Kadohama, N., and Yarborough, C., Detection of Anti-Aromatase Autoantibodies in Pregnancy Serum, 10th Intl. Congress of Endocrinology, San Francisco, CA, pg. 873, P3-476, June (1996).

219. Shimodaira, K., Yarborough, C., Toma, Y., Shimizu, Y., Yanaihara, T., and Osawa, Y., Simultaneous Assessment of Aromatase and 7-Ethoxycoumarin Deethylase Activities: "Constitutive" and "Environmentally Induced" Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Placentas, 10th Intl. Congress of Endocrinology, San Francisco, CA, pg. 864, P3-438, June (1996).

220. Shimodaira, K., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Relationship Among Aromatase, Ethoxycoumarin Deethylase, and Estradiol 2-Hydroxylase Activities in Individual Human Placental Microsomes, IV Intl. Aromatase Conference, Tahoe City, CA, June (1996).

221. Kitawaki, J., Noguchi, T., Yamamoto, T., Honjo, H., and Osawa, Y., Immunohistochemical Localization of Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 and Progesterone Receptors in Gynecological Tumors, IV Intl. Aromatase Conference, Tahoe City, CA, June (1996).

222. Shimizu, Y., Okubo, K., Toma, Y., Yanaihara, T., Shimodaira, K., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., The Placental Microsomal Aromatase and Estradiol 2-Hydroxylase Activities in the Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), IV Intl. Aromatase Conference, Tahoe City, CA, June (1996).

223. Yarborough, C. and Osawa, Y., Estradiol 6a-Hydroxylase and Aromatase Activities in Human Placental Microsomes, IV Intl. Aromatase Conference, Tahoe City, CA, June (1996).

224. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., and Lacy, J., Development of 3H-Release Assay for Cocaine N-Demethylation by Aromatase, IV Intl. Aromatase Conference, Tahoe City, CA, June (1996).

225. Osawa, Y., Diverse Functions of Aromatase and the N-terminal Sequence Deleted Forms, IV Intl. Aromatase Conference, Tahoe City, CA, June (1996).

226. Abdel-Rahman, E., Mangione, S., Ward, P., Osawa, Y., Ricotta, J.J., and Dandona, P., Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMVEC) Express Aromatase P450 mRNA, Intl. Congress of Endocrinology, San Francisco, CA, pg. 874, P3-479, June (1996).

227. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Yarborough, C., Formation of 6a-Hydroxyestradiol (6a-OHE2) from Testosterone (T) by Aromatase, 79th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, Minneapolis, MN, P1-310, June (1997).

228. Shimodaira, K., Yarborough, C., and Osawa, Y., Measurement of Aromatase P450-Specific Autoantibodies in Pregnancy Serum: A Report of the Relationship Between Autoantibody and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, 79th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, Minneapolis, MN, P1-388, June (1997).

229. Ghosh, D., Sawicki, M., Ng, P., Burkhart, B.M., Pletnev, V.Z., Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Crystal Structure of the Fab Fragment of an Activity-Suppressing Monoclonal Antibody Raised Against Aromatase Cytochrome, 79th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, Minneapolis, MN, P1-311, June (1997).

230. Ng, P., Shimodaira, K., Ghosh, D., and Osawa, Y., Preparation, Crystallization and Preliminary Diffraction Analysis of the Fab Fragment of an Anti-aromatase Cytochrome P450 Monoclonal Antibody, Roswell Park Graduate Student Research Forum, June (1997).

231. Ghosh, D., Sawicki, M., Ng, P., Burkhart, B.M., Pltnev, V.Z., Higashiyama, T., and Osawa, Y., Aromatase Cytochrome P450: Insight into the Antigen-Antibody Interaction with the Activity-Suppressing Monoclonal Antibody Fragment Fab, 17th Intl. Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, San Francisco, CA, August (1997).

232. Shimizu, Y., Tohma, Y., Yanaihara, T., Thunoda, Y., Kamiya, K., Kusano, M., Tonoike, T., Ohta, S., and Osawa, Y., Immunohistochemical Detection of Intracellular Aromatase in Breast Carcinomas, XVIII Meeting of the International Study Group for Steroid Hormones, Rome, Italy, Nov.-Dec. (1997).

233. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., Kao, Y., Sun, X., and Chen, S., Functional Differences Among Isoforms of Aromatase Cytochrome P450, 80th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, New Orleans, LA, June (1998).

234. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., Yarborough, C., Shimizu, Y., and Yanaihara, T., Purification of Human Estrogen Sulfatase and Monoclonal Antibody Preparation, 81st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, San Diego, CA, June (1999).

235. Lala, P., Basu, S.S., Higashiyama, T., Osawa, Y., and Ghosh, D., Engineering of Activity-Suppressing Complementarity-Determining Fragments of a Monoclonal Antibody to Cytochrome P450 Aromatase, 81st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, San Diego, CA, June (1999).

236. Lala, P., Higashiyama, T., Hernandez, F.G., Erman, M., Osawa, Y., and Ghosh, D., Dose-Dependent Suppression of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase Activity by Engineered Antibody Fragments, , 52nd Yamada Conference, Intl. Symposium on Molecular Steroidogenesis, Nara, Japan, August (1999).

237. Lala, P., Higashiyama, T., Hernandez, F.G., Erman, M., Osawa, Y., and Ghosh, D., Towards Crystallization of Human Placental Aromatase and Its complexes with Recombinant Antibody Fragments, 11th Intl. Conference on Cytochrome P450, Sendai, Japan, Aug.29-Sept. 2 (1999).

Chapters

1. Osawa, Y., and Higashiyama, T., Isolation of Human Placental Cytochrome P-450 and Its Mechanism of Action of Androgen Aromatization, in Microsomes, Drug Oxidations, and Chemical Carcinogenesis, Vol. I, M.J. Coon, A.H. Conney, R.W. Estabrook, H.C. Gelbain, J.R. Gillette and P.J. O'Brien (Eds.), Academic Press, pp. 225-228 (1980).

2. Kaighn, M.E., Shankar Narayan, K., and Osawa, Y., Androgen Metabolism in Human Prostatic Cell Cultures, in Tissue Culture in Medical Research (II), R.J. Richards and K.T. Rajan (Eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 245-252 (1980).

3. Osawa, Y., Model System for Study of Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis: The Fate of Regiospecific Labels in the Coupling Reaction, in Thyroid Research VIII, Proc. of the Eighth International Thyroid Congress, J.R. Stockight and S. Nagataki (Eds.), Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 141-144 (1980).

4. Numazawa, M., Osawa, Y., Swenson, D.C., and Duax, W.L., Controlled Stereospecific Alkaline Hydrolysis of 16-Bromo-17-ketosteroids in 16a-Hydroxy-17-ketosteroids and Its Reaction Mechanism, in Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Progress in Organic Reactions and Syntheses - Applications to Life Sciences, pp. 110-114 (1981).

5. Osawa, Y., Higashiyama, T., and Nakamura, T., Multiplicity of Placental Cytochrome P-450 and Mechanism of Estrogen Biosynthesis, in Microsomes, Drug Oxidations and Drug Toxicity, R. Sato and R. Kato (Eds.), Japan Scientific Society Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 315-316 (1982).

6. Yamamoto, T., Urabe, M., Osawa, Y., and Okada, M.D., Ovarian and Extra-Ovarian Androgen Aromatase Activity in Women, in Sereono Symposia Publications, Vol. 48, Preservation of Tubo-Ovarian Function in Gynecologic Benign and Malignant Diseases, K. Ichinoe, S. J. Segal and L. Mastroianni (Eds.), Raven Press, N.Y., pp. 265-276 (1986).

Review

1. Osawa, Y., Total Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of Estrone and the Determination of Conformation, Kagaku no Ryoiki, 13, 277 (1959); Chem. Abst., 53, 22077a (1959).

Patents

1. Chuman, I., and Osawa, Y., 21-Lower Alkylaminoprogesterone, Japan 207,668 (1961) (Appl. 1957).

2. Chuman, I., Sawai, M., Suzuki, Y., Osawa, Y., and Shimojima, H., Estrenone Derivatives, Japan 278,128 (1961) (Appl. 1957).

3. Chuman, I., Sawai, M., Suzuki, Y., and Osawa, Y., Estrane-3,17-diols and Their Acyl Derivatives, Japan 281,075 (1961) (Appl. 1957).

4. Chuman, I., Sawai, M., Osawa, Y., and Suzuki, Y., Estrenediol and Derivatives, Japan 282,791 (1961) (Appl. 1958).

5. Chuman, I., Osawa, Y., and Shimojima, H., 2,17-Dialkyl-19-nor-testosterone, Japan 283,646 (1961) (Appl. 1958).

6. Chuman, I., Osawa, Y., and Shimojima, H., dl-anti-trans-3b-Hydroxy-3a-methyl-�5a(6)-7-oxodecahydropentanthrene and its Esters, Japan 292,509 (1962) (Appl. 1958).

7. Chuman, I., Osawa, Y., and Shimojima, H., dl-trans-3b-Hydroxy-3a-methyl-�5a(9a)7-7-methoxyocathydropentanthrene, Japan 292,510 (1962) (Appl. 1958).

8. Chuman, I., Osawa, Y., and Shimojima, H., dl-3b-Hydroxy-3ab-methyl-6-(2-carboxyethyl)-7-oxo-9ab,9ba-H-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrobenz[e]indane and its Esters, Japan 292,511 (1962) (Appl. 1958).

9. Ishibashi, N., Osawa, Y., and Chuman, I., 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, Japan 300,585 (1962) (Appl. 1958).

10. Osawa, Y., Shimojima, H., and Chuman, I., 4-(2-Carboxeyethyl)-testosterone and its Derivatives, Japan 310,044 (1963) (Appl. 1959).

11. Chuman, I., Osawa, Y., and Shimojima, H., dl-17b-Hydroxy-4-estren-3-one and its Esters, Japan 313,624 (1964) (Appl. 1959).

12. Fujii, M., Osawa, Y., and Chuman, I., 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid, Japan 420,289 (1964) (Appl. 1960).

13. Kurosawa, Y., Osawa, Y., Shimojima, H., and Chuman, I., Optical Resolution of (±)-3b-Acetoxy-3ab-methyl-7-methoxy-9ba-H-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydrobenz[e]indane, Japan 420,748 (1964) (Appl. 1960).

14. Osawa, Y., Shimojima, H., and Chuman, I., dl-3a-Alkyl-3b-hydroxy-3ab-methyl-7-methoxy-9ba-H-3a,4,5,6,9,9b,-hexahydrobenz[e]indane, Japan 420,751 (1964) (Appl. 1960). 15. Fujii, M., Osawa, Y., Sawai, M., and Chuman, I., 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, Japan 420,987 (1964) (Appl. 1960).

16. Fujii, M., Osawa, Y., Sawai, M., and Chuman, I., 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, Japan 423,405 (1964) (Appl. 1960).

17. Osawa, Y., Shimojima, H., and Chuman, I., dl-3a-Substituted-3b-hydroxy-3ab-methyl-7-methoxy-9ba-H-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydrobenz[e]indane, Japan 435,601 (1964) (Appl. 1960).

18. Kurosawa, Y., Osawa, Y., Shimojima, H., and Chuman, I., Optical Resolution of (±-3-Oxo-3ab-methyl-7-methoxy-9ba-H-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydrobenz[e]indane, Japan 444,718 (1965) (Appl. 1960).

19. Osawa, Y., Ishibashi, N., Shimojima, H., and Chuman, I., 1-[p-(2-Diethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-1-phenyl-2-(p-anisyl)ethanol, Japan 317,804 (1965) (Appl. 1960).

20. Chuman, I., Osawa, Y., and Shimojima, J., dl-17b-Acetoxy-4-oxa-�5(6 and 10)-estren-3-one, Japan 317,954 (1966) (Appl. 1958).

21. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Yamada, Y., and Wada, S., Total Synthesis of Pantetheine, Japan S40-25418 (1965).

22. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, A., Iron Salt of Polymer Acids, Japan 575,782 (1965).

23. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, A., Ferrous Salt of Copolymer of Vinyl Methyl Ether and Maleic Acid, Japan 579,283 (1965).

24. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, A., New Pharmaceutical Iron Preparation, Japan 622,736 (1965).

25. Osawa, Y., Uneno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, H., Orally Administrable Pharmaceutical Iron Preparation, U.S. 3,873,588 (1975) (Appl. 1972).

26. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, H., Compositions Containing Orally Administrable Iron Salts of Carboxyl Group - Containing Polymers, Great Britain, 11,55,208 (1969) (Appl. 1966).

27. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, H., Processes for the Preparation of Iron Salts of Carboxyl Group - Containing Polymers, Great Britain, 1,155,209 (1969) (Appl. 1966).

28. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, J., and Asano, H., Formula for the Formation of Orally Administrable Pharmaceutical Iron Preparation, Sweden, 351,366 (1972) (Appl. 1966).

29. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, H., Work on the Preparation of Orally Administrable Pharmaceutical Iron Preparation Containing Carboxyl Group Iron Salts, Netherlands, 138,552 (1973) (Appl. 1966).

30. Osawa, Y., Ueno, K., Dobashi, K., and Asano, H., Pharmaceutical Preparation of an Orally Administrable Iron Preparation, France, 6,709 (1969) (Appl. 1966).

31. Osawa, Y., Compositions Containing 5a-Dihydro-19-norethisterone for in vivo Inhibition of Endocrine-Dependent Conditions in Mammals, United States, 4,829,059 (1989) (Appl. 1987).

32. Osawa, Y., Compositions Containing 5a-Dihydro-19-Norethisterone and Derivatives thereof for in vivo Inhibition of Aromatase, United States, 4,978,658 (1990) (Appl. 1988).

INVITED PRESENTATIONS

1. Symposium Lecturer, IVth International Cong. of Endocrinology, Washington, DC, 1972.

2. Symposium Lecturer, Symposium on Steroid Hormones: Molecular Structure and Protein Interactions, Buffalo, NY, 1975.

3. Symposium Lecturer, Symposium on Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis, Buffalo, NY, 1976.

4. Session Chairman, 26th International Cong. of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan, 1977.

5. Invited Lecturer, Endocrine Club of Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan, 1977.

6. Invited Lecturer, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan, 1977, 1982.

7. Invited Lecturer, Chemical Institute of Teikoku Hormone Mfg. Co., Kawasaki, Japan, 1977.

8. Invited Lecturer of Chemistry, Saitama University Faculty of Sciences, Saitama, Japan, 1978.

9. Invited Lecturer, Sagami Central Chemical Research Institute, Sagami, Japan, 1978.

10. Invited Lecturer, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, 1979; 1981; 1982; 1983.

11. Symposium Lecturer, XII International Biochemistry Cong. Satellite Symposium, Buffalo, NY, 1979.

12. Invited Lecturer, The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Northeast Division, Sendai, Japan, 1980.

13. Invited Lecturer of Chemistry, Tohoku University Faculty of Science, Sendai, Japan, 1980.

14. Invited Lecturer, Osaka University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Tokyo, Japan, 1981.

15. Invited Lecturer, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan, 1981.

16. Invited Lecturer, Conference on Aromatase: New Perspectives for Breast Cancer, Miami, Florida, 1981.

17. Invited Lecturer, Biochemistry Department Symposium (RPMI and SUNY/AB), Buffalo, New York, April, 1981.

18. Symposium Chairman, "Molecular Mechanism of Hormone Biosynthesis", 7th Asia & Oceania Congress of Endocrinology, Tokyo, Japan, 1982.

19. Invited Lecturer, Central Hospital of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan, 1982.

20. Invited Lecturer, Symposium on Sterol Biosynthesis and Function, Meeting of the Biochemical Society, Cambridge, England, 1983.

21. Invited Lecturer, MCI (Mitsubishi Chemical Industries) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1983.

22. Invited Speaker, 4th Janssen Research Foundation Symposium on Comparative Biochemistry, Beerse, Belgium, 1985.

23. Invited Speaker, Aromatase Workshop, Univ. of California, Irvine, California, 1986.

24. Invited Symposium Speaker, 7th Int. Cong. on Hormonal Steroids, Madrid, Spain, 1986.

25. Invited Member of the Organizing Committee, International Aromatase Conference, Miami, Florida, 1986 and Tahoe City, CA, 1996.

26. Invited Speaker, International Aromatase Conference, Miami, Florida, 1987.

27. Invited Session Chairperson, 8th International Congress of Endocrinology, Kyoto, Japan, 1988.

28. Guest lecturer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute graduate course Biochemistry and Chemistry of Hormones, November 1988.

29. Keynote Speaker, International Conference on Placenta, Tokyo, Japan, 1990.

30. Invited Speaker, Kyoto International Anti-Hormone Seminar, Kyoto, Japan, 1991.

31. Invited Speaker, International Aromatase Conference, Key Biscayne, FL, 1981; Miami, FL, 1987; Bologna, Italy, 1992; Tahoe City, CA, 1996.

Yoichi Osawa, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

PUBLICATIONS

Completed Publications in Scientific Journals Peer-Reviewed Publications

1. Osawa Y, Yarborough C, Osawa Y: Norethisterone, a major ingredient of contraceptive pills, is a suicide inhibitor of estrogen biosynthesis. Science 215:1249-1251 (1982).

2. Tochigi B, Osawa Y, Osawa Y: The apparent shift in distribution of aromatase activity in the subcellular fraction of human term placenta stored at -96šC. Endo. Res. 12:105-113 (1986).

3. Osawa Y, Coon MJ: Radiometric assay and apparent isotope effect for progesterone 16a-hydroxylase activity of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 3b. Anal. Biochem. 164:355-361 (1987).

4. Osawa Y, Osawa Y, Coon, MJ: Stereochemistry of functional group determines the mechanism of aromatase inhibition by 6-bromoandrostenedione. Endocrinology 121:1010-1016 (1987).

5. Osawa Y, Coon MJ: Selective mechanism-based inactivation of the major phenobarbital-inducible P-450 cytochrome from rabbit liver by phencyclidine and its oxidation product, the iminium compound. Drug Metab. Dispos. 17:7-13 (1989).

6. Osawa Y, Highet RJ, Murphy CM, Cotter RJ, Pohl LR: Formation of heme-derived products by the reaction of ferrous deoxymyoglobin with BrCCl3. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:4462-4467 (1989).

7. Osawa Y, Pohl LR: Covalent bonding of the prosthetic heme to protein: A potential mechanism for the suicide inactivation or activation of hemoproteins. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2:131-141 (1989).

8. Osawa Y, Martin BM, Griffin PR, Yates JR, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Murphy AC, Chen L, Cotter RJ, Pohl LR: Metabolism-based covalent bonding of the heme prosthetic group to its apoprotein during the reductive debromination of BrCCl3 by myoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 265:10340-10346 (1990).

9. Osawa Y, Korzekwa K: Oxidative modification by low levels of HOOH can transform myoglobin into an oxidase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 88:7081-7085 (1991).

10. Osawa Y, Highet RJ, Bax A, Pohl LR: Characterization by NMR of the heme-myoglobin adduct formed during the reductive metabolism of BrCCl3: Covalent bonding of the proximal histidine to the ring I vinyl group. J. Biol. Chem. 266:3208-3214 (1991).

11. Korzekwa K, Trager W, Smith S, Osawa Y, Gillette JR: Theoretical studies on the mechanism of conversion of androgens to estrogens by aromatase. Biochemistry, 30:6155-6162 (1991).

12. Kindt JT, Woods A, Martin BM, Cotter RJ, Osawa Y: Covalent alteration of the prosthetic heme of human hemoglobin by BrCCl3: Cross-linking of heme to cysteine residue 93. J. Biol. Chem. 267:8739-8743 (1992).

13. Kutty G, Hayden B, Osawa Y, Wiggert B, Chader GJ, Kutty RK: Heme oxygenase: Expression in human retina and modulation by stress agents in a human retinoblastoma cell model system. Curr. Eye Res. 11:153-160 (1992).

14. Osawa Y, Highet RJ, Pohl LR: The use of stable isotopes to identify reactive metabolites and target macromolecules associated with toxicities of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds. Xenobiotica 22:1147-1156 (1992).

15. Hanbauer I, Wink D, Osawa Y, Edelman GM, Gally JA: Role of nitric oxide in the NMDA-evoked release of 3H-dopamine from striatal slices. NeuroReport 3:409-412 (1992).

16. Korzekwa K, Trager WF, Mancewicz J, Osawa Y: Studies on the mechanism of aromatase and other cytochrome P450-mediated deformylation reactions. J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 44:367-373 (1993).

17. Osawa Y, Darbyshire JF, Steinbach PJ, Brooks BR: Metabolism-based transformation of myoglobin to an oxidase by BrCCl3 and molecular modeling of the oxidase form. J. Biol. Chem. 268:2953-2959 (1993).

18. Osawa Y, Davila JC: Phencyclidine, a psychotomimetic agent and drug of abuse, is a suicide inhibitor of brain nitric oxide synthase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:1435-1439 (1993).

19. Osawa Y, Darbyshire JF, Meyer CM, Alayash AI: Differential susceptibilities of the prosthetic heme of hemoglobin-based red cell substitutes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 12:2299-2305 (1993).

20. Wink DA, Osawa Y, Darbyshire JF, Jones CR, Eshenaur SC, Nims RW: Inhibition of cytochromes P450 by nitric oxide and a nitric oxide-releasing agent. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 300:115-123 (1993).

21. Nakatsuka M, Osawa Y: Selective inhibition of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism by L-arginine or sodium nitroprusside in intact human platelets. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200:1630-1634 (1994).

22. Olken NM, Osawa Y, Marletta MA: Characterization of the inactivation of nitric oxide synthase by NG-methyl-L-arginine: Evidence for protein modification and heme loss. Biochemistry 33:14784-14791 (1994).

23. Osawa Y, Fellows C, Meyer CM, Woods A, Castoro JA, Cotter RJ, Wilkins C, Highet RJ: Structure of the novel heme adduct formed during the reaction of human hemoglobin with BrCCl3 in red cell lysates. J. Biol. Chem. 269:15481-15487 (1994).

24. Sugiyama K, Correia MA, Thummel KE, Nagata K, Darbyshire JF, Osawa Y, Gillette JR: pH-Dependent one- and two-electron oxidation of 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 7:633-642 (1994).

25. Sugiyama K, Woods A, Cotter RJ, Highet RJ, Darbyshire JF, Osawa Y, Gillette JR: Inactivation of horseradish peroxidase by 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 7:843-849 (1994).

26. Osawa Y, Davila JC, Nakatsuka M, Meyer CM, Darbyshire JF: Inhibition of P-450 cytochromes by reactive intermediates. Drug Metab. Rev. 27:61-72 (1995).

27. Osawa Y, Williams MS: Covalent crosslinking of the heme prosthetic group to myoglobin by H2O2 produces a toxic protein. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 21:35-41 (1996).

28. Heath L, Chrisp C, Huffnagle G, LeGendre M, Osawa, Y, Hurley M, Engleberg C, Fantone J, Brieland J: Effector mechanisms responsible for gamma-interferon mediated host resistance to legionella pneumophila lung infection: differing role of endogenous nitric oxide in a susceptible and a resistent murine host. Infect. Immun. 64:5151-60 (1996).

29. Sugiyama K, Highet RJ, Woods A, Cotter RJ, Osawa Y: Hydrogen peroxide mediated alteration of the heme prosthetic group of myoglobin to an iron chlorin adduct: Evidence for a novel oxidative pathway. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94:796-801 (1997).

30. Nakatsuka M, Nakatsuka K, Osawa Y: Metabolism based inactivation of penile nitric oxide synthase activity by guanabenz. Drug Metab. Dispos. 26:497-501 (1998).

31. Roberts ES, Lin H, Crowley JR, Vuletich JL, Osawa Y, Hollenberg P: Peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine and inactivation of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2B1. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11:1067-1074 (1998).

32. Vuletich JL and Osawa Y: Chemiluminescence assay for oxidatively modified myoglobin. Anal. Biochem. 265:375-380 (1998).

33. Williams MS, Noguchi S, Henkart P, Osawa Y: Nitric oxide synthase plays a signaling role in T cell receptor triggered apoptotic death. J. Immunol. 161:6526-6531 (1998).

34. Bender AT, Silverstein AM, Demady DR, Kanelakis KC, Noguchi S, Pratt WB, Osawa Y: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is regulated by the hsp90-based chaperone system in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1472-1478 (1999).

35. Wu G, Wei C, Kulmacz RJ, Osawa Y, Tsai A-L: A mechanistic study of self-inactivation of the peroxidase activity in prostaglandin H synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 274:9231-9237 (1999).

36. Duncan T, Osawa Y, Kutty KR, Kutty G, Wiggert B: Heme-binding by Drosophila retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein (RFABG), a member of the proapolipophorin gene family. J. Lipid Res. 40:1222-1228 (1999)

37. Vuletich JL, Osawa Y, Aviram M: Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by protein-bound heme adducts of myoglobin. Submitted. Atherosclerosis

38. Noguchi S, Jianmongkol S, Kamada Y, Demady D, Osawa Y: Guanabenz-mediated inactivation and enhanced proteolytic degradation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Submitted. J. Biol. Chem.

39. Stone JR, Tavares P, Pereira AS, Schelvis JPM, Babcock GT, Osawa Y, Huynh BH, Edmondson DE, Marletta MA: Characterization of a transient hexacoordinate nitroxyl heme complex during the binding of nitric oxide to soluble guanylate cyclase. In Preparation Biochemistry.

Thesis and Reviews

1. Osawa Y: Cytochrome P-450: Role in steroid metabolism and mechanism of inhibition of catalytic activity. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan (1987).

2. Osawa Y, Coon MJ: "Metabolism of phencyclidine and its oxidation product, the iminium compound, leads to destruction of specific rabbit liver microsomal P-450 cytochromes" in Sigma and Phencyclidine-like Compounds as Molecular Probes in Biology. ed. by Domino EF, Kamenka JM. Ann Arbor: NPP Books, pp. 619-624 (1988).

3. Osawa Y, Fellows C, Highet RJ: "Use of stable and radioactive isotopes to identify reactive metabolites and target macromolecules associated with toxicities of halogenated hydrocarbons" in Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labeled Compounds. ed. by Buncel E, Kabalka GW. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 415-420 (1991).

4. Osawa Y, Davila JC, Meyer CM, Nakatsuka M: "Mechanism based inactivation of nitric oxide synthase, a P450-like enzyme, by xenobiotics" in Cytochrome P-450: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology. ed. by Lechner MC. Paris: John Libbey Eurotext, pp. 459-462 (1994).

5. Osawa Y, Nakatsuka K, Williams, MS, Kindt JT, Nakatsuka M: Reactions of reactive metabolites with hemoproteins: Toxicological implications. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 387:37-45 (1996).

Abstracts, Preliminary Communications, Panel Discussions

1. Osawa Y, Osawa Y, Yarborough C: 17a-ethinyl-19-norsteroids, suppressor of estrogen biosynthesis. Seventh Asia Oceania Congress of Endocrinology Abstr. 109 (1982).

2. Osawa Y, Osawa Y, Yarborough C, Borzynski L: Irreversible inhibitors of oestrogen biosynthesis (aromatase). Biochem. Soc. Trans. 11:656-658 (1983).

3. Osawa Y, Coon MJ: Effect of epimers of 6-bromoandrostenedione on progesterone and androstenedione 16a-hydroxylation by rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozyme 3b. Fed. Proc. 44: 1609 (1985).

4. Osawa Y, Coon MJ: Mechanism-based inactivation of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozyme 2 by phencyclidine. Fed. Proc. 45: 319 (1986).

5. Osawa Y, Coon MJ, Osawa Y: Stereochemistry of 6-bromoandrostenedione determines the mode of aromatase inhibition. Fed. Proc. 45: 1749 (1986).

6. Osawa Y, Coon MJ: Selective metabolism-based inactivation of purified forms of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by phencyclidine and its oxidation product, the iminium compound. Fed. Proc. 46: 1955 (1987).

7. Osawa Y, Highet RJ, Murphy CM, Cotter RJ, Pohl LR: Myoglobin as a model system for the production of radical-mediated heme-adducts of cytochrome P-450. FASEB J. 2: A1014 (1988).

8. Highet RJ, Osawa Y, Pohl LR: The characterization of hemin derivatives by NOESY studies. Eastern Analytical Symposium. Abstract 173 (1988).

9. Osawa Y, Upadhyay A, Yates JR, Hunt DF, Martin B, Pohl LR: A model system for the production of "abnormal" covalent heme-protein adducts of cytochrome P-450. ASBMB 97:2313 (1989).

10. Chen L, Murphy C, Cotter RJ, Osawa Y, Pohl LR: Covalent and non-covalent binding. American Society of Mass Spectrometrists (1989).

11. Kindt JK, Osawa Y, Martin BM, Chen L, Cotter RJ, Pohl LR: Free radical-mediated alteration of the prosthetic group of human hemoglobin. FASEB J. 4: 1985 (1990).

12. Osawa Y, Korzekwa K, Pohl LR: Metabolic activation of myoglobin after treatment with brccl3 or hydrogen peroxide. FASEB J. 4:3403 (1990).

13. Pohl LR, Osawa Y: The use of stable isotopes to identify reactive metabolites and target macromolecules associated with toxicities of halogenated compounds. Third ISSX Meeting (1990).

14. Korzekwa K, Trager W, Smith S, Osawa Y, Gillette JR: Theoretical studies on the mechanism of conversion of androgens to estrogens by aromatase. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Microsomes and Drug Oxidation, Stockholm Sweden, (1990).

15. Osawa Y, Kindt JT, Pohl LR: Covalent bonding of xenobiotics to hemeproteins: characterization of heme-protein adducts. American Chemical Society Meeting (1990).

16. Woods A, Chen L, Cotter RJ, Osawa Y, Pohl, LR: Mass spectrometric investigation of free radical-mediated alteration of the prosthetic group of myoglobin. American Society of Mass Spectrometrists. (1990).

17. Woods AJ, Cotter RJ, Osawa Y, Pohl LR: Characterization of the site of covalent attachment of the heme prosthetic group to the apoprotein following reaction of hemoglobin with BrCCl3. Fifth Symposium of the Protein Society (1991).

18. Osawa Y, Darbyshire JF, Steinbach PJ, Brooks BR: Transformation of myoglobin to an oxidase by reactive metabolites: Toxicological implications. Society of Toxicology Meeting (1992).

19. Rotrosen D, Yeung CL, Osawa Y: p47phox interacts with a heme-binding domain of cytochrome b558. American Society of Clinical Research (1993).

20. Kimber M, Dingley D, Osawa Y, DeLaCruz E, Woods AS, Cotter RJ: Matrix-Assisted laser desorption analysis of the covalent attachment of modified heme to the apoprotein of myoglobin and human hemoglobin. American Society of Mass Spectrometrists (1993).

21. Nakatsuka M, Davila JC, Tsai A-L, Kulmacz RJ, Osawa Y: Formation of protein-bound heme adducts during the reaction of prostaglandin H synthase with H2O2. FASEB J. 7: A1074 (1993).

22. Darbyshire JF, Davila JC, Osawa Y: Inhibition of cytochrome p450 isoforms by endogenously generated nitric oxide in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The Pharmacologist 35: 188 (1993).

23. Osawa Y, Meyer CM, Davila JC: Mechanism based inactivation of nitric oxide synthase, a p-450 like enzyme, by xenobiotics. Eighth International P-450 Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal. (1993).

24. Osawa Y, Nakatsuka K, Williams MS, Kindt JT, Nakatsuka M: Reactions of reactive intermediates with hemoproteins: Implications in toxicological processes. Fifth International Meeting on Biological Reactive Intermediates (1994).

25. Osawa Y, Nakatsuka K, Nakatsuka M: Inactivation of penile nitric oxide synthase by guanabenz, an antihypertensive agent: potential implications in drug induced impotence. FASEB J. 9:1380 (1995).

26. Osawa, Y, Nakatsuka, M: Suicide inactivation of penile nitric oxide synthase by guanabenz, an antihypertensive agent. International Conference on the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Nitric Oxide. (1996).

27. Alayash AI, Brockner-Ryan BA, Osawa Y, Cashon RE, Bich R, Olson JS: Oxidative reactions of sperm whale myoglobin and its distal pocket mutants with hydrogen peroxide. Biophysical J. 70: A217 (1996).

28. Osawa Y: Mechanisms of heme and protein adduct formation, , XIth International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations, Los Angeles, CA. (1996).

29. Williams MS, Noguchi S, Henkart P, Osawa Y: Nitric oxide synthase plays a signaling role in t cell receptor triggered apoptotic death. Cold Spring Harbor Meeting on Apoptosis, (1997).

30. Vuletich JL, Osawa Y: Detection of protein-bound heme adducts by enhanced chemiluminescence: A biomarker assay for oxidative damage. The Toxicologist 42:219 (1998).

31. Noguchi S, Pugsley TA, Carroll RT, Osawa Y: Guanabenz-mediated inactivation and degradation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. FASEB J. 12:A1424 (1998).

32. Jianmongkol S, Demady D, Osawa Y: Inactivation and heme alteration of recombinant neuronal nitric oxide synthase by guanabenz. The Toxicologist 48:200 (1999)

33. Vuletich JL, Aviram M, Osawa Y: Oxidation of low density lipoprotein by hydrogen peroxide-altered myoglobin. The Toxicologist 48:204 (1999).

33. Kamada Y, Noguchi S, Bender A, Demady D, Jianmongkol S, and Osawa Y: Inactivation and turnover of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. International Meeting on Cytochrome P450. (1999).

EXTRAMURAL INVITED PRESENTATIONS

"Metabolism of phencyclidine and its oxidation product, the iminium compound, leads to destruction of specific rabbit liver microsomal P-450 cytochromes", Second US-French International Symposium on Sigma and Phencyclidine-Like Compounds as Molecular Probes in Biology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 29 - July 2, 1987.

"Structural Characterization of heme-protein adducts" invited seminar, Mass Spectrometry Discussion Group of the Greater Washington Area, Rockville, Maryland, June 2, 1988.

"Free Radicals and Hemoproteins: Biological Importance", Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, October 12, 1989.

"Oxidative Stress and Hemoproteins: Biomedical Importance", Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan, October 19, 1989.

"Reactive Intermediates and Hemoprorteins: Biological Importance and Structural Characterization of Heme adducts", Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, November 8, 1990.

"Metabolism Based Free Radical-Mediated Covalent Bonding of the Heme Prosthetic Group to its Apoprotein", FASEB Symposium on Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species, April 2, 1990.

"Covalent Bonding of Xenobiotics to hemeproteins: Characterization of heme-protein adducts", American Chemical Society Symposium on Mechanisms of Adduct Formation, Washington, District of Columbia, August 29, 1990.

"Radical-Mediated Alterations of Hemoproteins: Structural Characterization and Biological Implications", Organic Chemistry Discussion Group National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, February 10, 1990.

"Activation and Inactivation of Hemoproteins by Reactive Intermediates", Division of Drug Safety and Evaluation, Glaxo, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, March 21, 1991.

"Covalent Modification of Hemoproteins by Radical Metabolites", 10th Annual Robert S. Rozman Memorial Symposium on Drug Metabolism, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia, May 30, 1991.

"Use of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes to Identify Reactive Metabolites and Target Macromolecules Associated with Toxicities of Halogenated Hydrocarbons" invited lecturer, Fourth International Symposium on Synthesis and Application of Isotopes, Toronto, Canada, September 6, 1991.

"Hemoproteins as Targets of Reactive Intermediates", Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, May 1, 1992 "Radical-Mediated Alteration of Hemoproteins", Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, January 14, 1992.

"Hemoproteins and Reactive Intermediates: Toxicological Implications" Platform Speaker, Society of Toxicology Meeting on Reactive Intermediates and Covalent Binding, Seattle, Washington, February 26, 1992.

"Hemoproteins as Targets of Reactive Metabolites: Implications in Tissue Injury and Cellular Function", Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, March 25, 1992.

"Free Radicals and Hemoproteins", Laboratory of Bacterial Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, June 12, 1993.

"Inhibition of P-450 Cytochromes by Reactive Intermediates", Arkansas Toxicology Symposium, Little Rock, Arkansas, October 14-15, 1993.

"Free Radical-Mediated Damage of Hemoglobin: Toxicological Implications", Division of Hematology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, April 14, 1994.

"Reactive Intermediates and Hemoproteins: Toxicological Implications", Fifth International Symposium on Biological Reactive Intermediates, Munich, Germany, January 4-8, 1995.

"Mechanisms of Heme and Protein Adduct Formation", XIth International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations, Los Angeles, CA, July 21-24, 1996.

"Chemists Career in Pharmacology: Government and Academia", Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, February 22, 1996.

"Inactivation of Nitric Oxide Synthase by Toxicants", Institute of Chemical Toxicology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, December 12, 1997.

"Chemists Career in Pharmacology: Government and Academia", Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, March 20, 1997.

"Toxicological Aspects of Hemoprotein Alteration", Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, September 26, 1997.

"Hemoproteins as Targets of Reactive Metabolites: Toxicological Implications", Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX March 8, 1999.

"Inactivation and Turnover of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase", 11th International Conference on Cytochrome P450, Sendai, Japan, September 1, 1999.